不同保护性耕作方式对冬小麦叶片水平水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of different tillage on leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat

作　　者：王利立[1] 黄高宝[1] 郭清毅[1] 侯慧芝[2] 朱永永[1] 乔海军[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学理学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第1期90-96,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：教育部博士点基金(20050733003);甘肃省科学技术攻关计划项目(2GSO42-A41-002-01)

摘　　要：比较河西灌区传统耕作方式和4种保护性耕作方式对冬小麦抽穗期旗叶叶片水平水分利用效率以及与之相关生理生态因子的影响，探索高产节水、保护耕地的冬小麦栽培措施。结果表明：秸秆翻压（TIS）、免耕（NT）和免耕覆盖（NTS）的耕作方式使冬小麦的叶片水分利用效率（WUEI）日变幅缩小，而免耕立茬耕作方式（NTSS）使冬小麦WUE1日变幅加大；NT、NTS和TIS的日光合量均明显高于传统耕作，但由于它们的日蒸腾量也明显高于传统耕作（T），使得这三种耕作方式的日累积水分利用效率和日平均水分利用效率都低于T。NTSS和T耕作方式的叶片水平水分利用效率在11：00～13：00的高峰区有可能就是Pn和Ti达到优化组合的一种状态。免耕覆盖可以减少棵间蒸发，缓慢释放CO2，使植株间的CO2浓度升高，从而提高作物的水分利用效率；RHin是冬小麦水分利用效率（WUE）变化的一个重要值，在生产实践中采用各种提高RHin的生产措施，都能有效地提高作物叶片水平WUE。The study on flag leaf water use efficiency and the physio-ecological factors were conducted at the heading stage of winter wheat under traditional tillage and four kinds of conservation tillage in Hexi irrigation area. The way that not only increased crop yield but also protected field land of winter wheat was discovered by the experiment. The results showed that the change range of water use efficiency（WUE） of winter wheat could be decreased by conventional tillage with straw incorporating （TIS）, no-tillage （NT） and no-tillage with straw cover（NTS）, but increased by no-tillage with stubble standing（NTSS）. The diurnal photosynthetic capacity of NT, NTS and TIS were higher than that of T significantly. But their diurnal leaf water use efficiency and diurnal average leaf water use efficiency were lower than that of T because of their higher diurnal transpiration capacity. WUE at leaf level of NTSS and T reached to the highest point at 11 ： 00 -- 13 ： 00. It may be because Pn and Tr were at their best optimized combination state. The evaporation of soil would be decreased and CO2 concentration increased by NTS. While the leaf water use efficiency could be increased. The relative humidity（ % ） at the inlet of the analyzer（RHin） was very important for diurnal leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat. It could decrease transpiration rate and increase the leaf water use efficiency through keeping soil temperature, increasing RHin and CO2 concentration, decreasing leaf water potential （Фw） and leaf temperature （Tl） and adjusting stomatal conductance （Gs）. If we want to enhance the leaf WUE, we should take efficient measures to increase RHin in practice in future.

关 键 词：叶片水平水分利用效率 日光合量 日蒸腾量 日累积水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]