冬小麦生产年土壤水分变化及其对农业生产影响分析  

Analysis on annual soil moisture change and its effect on agricultural production during winter wheat growth period

作　　者：郭海英[1,4] 赵建萍[2] 黄斌 万信[3] 杨兴国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]陇东学院农学系,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020 [4]甘肃省西峰农业气象试验站,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第1期246-248,252,共4页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国气象局新技术推广项目(CMA7J2005M22);国家自然基金项目(40205005);甘肃省气象局项目“旱作农业区土壤水分预测研究”

摘　　要：通过对黄土高原典型残塬"董志塬"麦田耗水量、不同时期土壤水分含量及其与降水量、耗水量和产量关系的研究,揭示了陇东黄土高原塬区麦田土壤水分变化及其对农业生产的影响特征。分析显示:麦田耗水主要来源于生产年自然降水,降水多,耗水量大,产量高,一个生产年土壤水分可以得到有效补充,否则耗水量小,产量低;降水量最多的年份并非冬小麦产量和水分利用率最高的年份,但降水量最少的年份肯定是冬小麦产量和水分利用率最低的年份;上年收墒期降水充沛,土壤水库贮水充足,可以有效防御和缓解来年春旱对冬小麦生产的影响,是冬小麦丰产的基础,同样,即使底墒不足,只要春季降水充足、适时,冬小麦也可以取得较好收成;如果上年秋旱和当年春旱同时出现,天旱地也旱,必然导致冬小麦大减产。Based on analyzing the amount of water consumption of winter wheat field of the typical incomplete Yuan ＂DongzhiYuan＂ of loess plateau, the content of the soil moisture in different periods and its relation with precipitation, amount of water consumption and wheat yield, discovery was made of the characteristics of change of wheat field soil moisture and its effect on agricultural production in the Yuan area of the loess plateau in east Gansu Province. The result showed that the source of water consumption is mainly from natural precipitation. When there is sufficient precipitation, the water consumption is great and the yield is high, and the annual soil moisture can be supplemented effectively. The highest yield may not be obtained in the year with most precipitation, but the lowest yield must be in the year with least precipitation. The plentiful precipitation in the previous year and sufficient soil moisture storage can effectively prevent spring drought of the coming year, which is the foundation for a bumper harvest of winter wheat. Likewise, even when soil moisture is insufficient, so long as precipitation is sufficient in the right time in spring, a good harvest can also be made. But if the drought happens continuously in the previous autumn and the coming spring, it must cause a bad drop of yield.

关 键 词：麦田 水分变化 冬小麦 产量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]