主要栽培措施对高品质棉科棉3号纤维品质的影响  

Effect of Cultivation Approach on Fiber Quality of High Quality Cotton

作　　者：张培通[1] 徐立华[1] 杨长琴[1] 杨德银[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农科院经济作物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《棉花学报》2008年第1期45-50,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：科技部社会公益型研究专项(2004DIB4J146);江苏省"十一五"科技攻关(BE2006306);江苏省农科院基金项目(6110506);2007年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyzx07-005-11)

摘　　要：于2005-2006年研究了密度、施肥和化控等措施对高品质棉科棉3号纤维品质的效应,发现烂铃和不同时期成铃的纤维品质存在较大差异,栽培措施影响烂铃率和棉花结铃分布,从而影响纤维品质。高N和不化控处理,伏前桃和伏桃烂铃率提高5～10倍,增加施N量和减少化控是导致烂铃率高的主要原因。后期植株全N含量与烂铃率呈极显著正相关,控制后期各器官N代谢有利于降低烂铃率。随施N量增加,后期结铃分布逐步提高;增加密度(尤其是高密度)导致伏桃比例降低,而伏前桃和晚秋桃比例增加;化控量增加前中期铃分布比例提高,中后期铃比例降低。从降低烂铃率和提高优质铃比例两方面综合分析,应保持适宜的密度和施N总量,N肥前期适当增加,中期稳定,后期减少;化控用量总量略增,运筹上做到"花前减,花期稳,封顶增"。The 2-year field trial about planting densities, nitrogen fertilization and chemical regulation was conducted on Kemian 3, a excellent high fiber quality cotton cultivar, to analyze the effect of cultivation approach on fiber quality of high quality cotton in Nanjing city, in 2005 and 2006. The result showed that there were significant difference of fiber quality traits among rot bolls and bolls setting in different growth stages. The rot boll ratio and boll temporal distribution were altered with cultivation approaches, thus the fiber quality was affected. The rot boll ratio of bolls setting before August 15th was increased 5 to 10 times or more with the treatments of over nitrogen fertilization and non-chemical regulation. This indicated that over nitrogen fertilization and deficient chemical regulation were key cultivation approaches to increasing rot boll ratio. The total nitrogen content of plant and different organs at later-stage had significant positive correlations with the mean rot boll ratio. So re- ducing the nitrogen fertilization at later-stage was in favor of decreasing the rot boll ratio. With increasing nitro- gen fertilization, the boll temporal distribution was deferred~ and with increasing planting density, the ratio of bolls setting from July 21th to Augustt 15th was decreased and that before July 20th and after August 25th was increased. and with increasing chemical regulation, the ratio of bolls setting in early and mid-stage was increased and that mid-and later-stage was decreased. The results suggest that to realize the purposes of improving fiber quality by means of decreasing the ratio of rot bolls and increasing that of finer fiber quality bolls, the cultivation approaches was to maintain optimal planting densities, nitrogen fertilization and chemical regulation. The strategy of nitrogen fertilization was to increase in early-stage, to maintain in mid-stage, and to reduce in later-stage,respectively; and that of chemical regulation was to increase slightly in whole grouth period, that

关 键 词：高品质棉 优质 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]