从分割到融合：城乡经济增长与社会和谐的政治经济学  

From Segmentation to Integration:The Political Economy of Urban-Rural Economic Growth and Social Harmony

作　　者：陈钊[1] 陆铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国社会主义市场经济研究中心和就业与社会保障研究中心,200433

出　　处：《经济研究》2008年第1期21-32,共12页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目(05JJD790004)；教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”；国家自然科学基金项目(70403004)；国家社科基金项目(07BJL051)；上海市曙光学者项目的资助；上海市重点学科建设项目(B101)；复旦大学“中国经济国际竞争力”创新基地建设的研究成果之一.

摘　　要：尽管中国农村向城市的劳动力流动的规模持续增长,但中国的城市化水平依然滞后于工业化的发展,并且农村向城市的劳动力流动也没有带来城乡工资差距的均等化,相反中国的城乡差距、城市内部本地职工与外来职工的工资差距都是持续扩大的。对于这些与传统理论相悖的"谜",本文借助于城乡分割的经济政策的内生决定机制来解释。本文认为,从绝对禁止到逐渐松动,城乡分割的经济政策的演变是倾向城市居民利益的决策结果。改变这种从城市利益出发、由城市单方面制定人口流动政策的局面,从城乡分割到城乡融合的转变才能够实现。而这种转变既有利于促进整体经济的增长,又有利于实现城乡平等与社会和谐。Although the number of rural to urban migrate workers has kept growing, China＇ s urbanization still lags behind her industrialization. Meanwhile, wage gap between migrant and urban workers has kept enlarging other than narrowing. To understand these puzzles contrary to the traditional theories, we study the endogenous formation of urban-rural segmentation policy. We find that change of the urban-rural segmentation policy results from urban government＇s optimal decision based on the welfare of urban residents. The urban-biased policies have retarded the real wage growth of migrant workers, decelerated urbanization, and enlarged the wage gap between urban workers and migrant workers. Only if the social conflicts between urban residents and migrants could be lessened, or the policymaking is no longer biased unilaterally for urban residents, the transition from urban-rural segmentation to integration could come true. This transition will be beneficial for both economic growth and urban-rural equality and social harmony.

关 键 词：城市化 劳动力流动 城乡差距 城乡分割 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济]