长期施用化肥对红壤旱地作物和水稻产量影响  

The Effects of Long-Term Chemical Fertilizers on Yield of Upland Crops and paddy Rice in red Soil

作　　者：高菊生[1] 李菊梅[2] 徐明岗[2] 孙楠[2] 秦道珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农科院祁阳红壤实验站,湖南祁阳426182 [2]中国农科院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2008年第1期286-292,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："长江中下游水稻土区沃土技术模式与示范"(2006BAD25B07);国家科技支撑计划"中南贫瘠红壤与水稻土地力提升关键技术模式研究与示范"(2006BAD05B09);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金"长期不同施肥红壤肥力变化特征研究"(2007-15)

摘　　要：以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了长期施用化肥对红壤旱地作物和水稻产量影响。结果表明:(1)红壤旱地的花岗岩红壤和第四纪红壤二种母质熟化24年后(即2005年)种植豆科作物—黄豆和禾本科作物小麦(2006年),其作物产量均表现为:长期施用化肥NPK处理比长期施用有机物处理的产量低;(2)红壤旱地种植小麦和黄豆,花岗岩、四纪红土NPK处理靠小区水泥梗边缘要好。小区中间95%部分叶片淡黄,植株矮小,长势极差,几乎没有产量。(3)红壤稻田有机无机肥长期配施,能促使水稻持续高产稳产,长期施用化肥,导致水稻减产。施用化肥25年后(即2006年),水稻早稻稻谷产量为:4284.0kg/hm2,比施用有机肥处理(M)少283.5kg/hm2;比有机肥无机肥配合处理(NPKM)少1395.0kg/hm2。水稻晚稻稻谷产量为:3592.5kg/hm2,比施用有机肥处理(M)少37.5kg/hm2;比有机肥无机肥配合处理(NPKM)少951.0kg/hm2。The Effects of Long-Term Chemical Fertilizers on Yield of Upland Crops and paddy Rice in red Soil were studied in the long-term site experiment which for the basic materials. The results were concluded as followings： （1） Granitization red soil and quaternary red soil mother of two species of aging after 24 （2005） cultivation soybeans and wheat （2006）, crop yields are as follows： the application of organic fertilizers with higher NPK application processing. （2） Planting wheat and soybeans, soybeans NPK treatment granitization and quaternary on the edge stem district cement better, the middle 95% of the district growing poor, yellow leaves, plant dwarfism. （3） Rational application of organic and chemical fertilizers in succession, can stable increase yield in lastly. Crop production decreased resulting in the long-term application of chemical fertilizer. The early rice production was 4284.0 kg/hm^2 after 25 years continual chemical fertilizer （NPK） （2006）. Lower by 283.5kg/hm^2 compared with continual organic material （M）, and by 1395.0kg/hm^2 compared with continual chemical fertilizer combined with organic material （NPKM）. The late rice production was 3592.5 kg/hm^2 after 25 years continual chemical fertilizer （NPK） （2006）. Lower by 37.5kg/hm^2 compared with continual organic material （M）, and by 951.0kg/hm^2 compared with continual chemical fertilizer combined with organic material （NPKM）.

关 键 词：长期施肥 红壤旱地 红壤稻田 作物产量 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]