烤烟典型缺钾症表现的农艺性状及相关营养元素分析  

Characterization of Potassium Deficiency and Analysis for its Relationship with other Nutrient Elements in Tobacco

作　　者：杨绍聪[1] 吕艳玲[1] 段永华[1] 张艳军[1] 李永媛[1] 曾敏芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省玉溪市农业科学研究所,玉溪653100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2008年第1期312-320,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：玉溪市农业科学研究所科研项目"不同前作及施肥对田烟产量及质量影响系统研究"(YNKJ2004001)

摘　　要：针对近年来在玉溪市大田烤烟生产上发生的严重的烤烟典型缺钾症,以根际土壤及植株各部位器官等为探索对象,采用对比分析法探讨了红花大金元和K326烤烟典型缺钾症表现的农艺性状及相关营养元素含量状况。结果表明,烟株发生严重缺钾症后,外部不但表现典型症状,还表现叶片的长、宽及茎直径有所下降,从而导致单株的地上部和地下部的干物质积累量显著下降,同时烟株内部的营养元素含量及其相互协调性与正常株相比也发生了显著的变化。典型缺钾症烟株的根部及各个叶位的叶片和茎杆,不但K含量显著降低,而且各个叶位的叶片和茎杆的Mg、Zn(中上部茎)、B含量也明显下降;各个叶位的叶片N、Ca、Mn、Fe含量则显著提高,K326烟株各个叶位茎杆及红花大金元根部的含N量也明显提高,但K326烟株根部及红花大金元茎部(中上部)的含N量又明显下降;典型缺钾症烟株的根部、茎部及各个叶位的叶片N/K、Ca/K和Mg/K含量则显著提高。红花大金元(地烟)典型缺钾株的根际土有效养分含量除NH4-N有所升高外,不但有效K含量呈显著降低,而且有效态N、P、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、B、NO3-N也降低;K326(田烟)典型缺钾株的根际土有效K含量也表现显著降低,但NH4-N和NO3-N则表现出显著的升高,而有效态Ca、Mg、P、Zn、B、Mn的含量变化不明显。Symptoms of potassium （K） deficiency on tobacco cuhivars, Honghuadajinyuan （HD） and K326 were studied based on potassium contents in the rhizhospheric soils and different parts of tobacco plant. The plant with K deficiency showed that leaves became shorter and narrower and stems are thinner, and dry mat- ter of whole plants decreased significantly, nutrient elements of plant were not balanced compared to normal plants, for example, N/K, Ca/K and Mg/K ratios increased remarkably. Not only did K content decrease, but also Mg, Zn （middle upper stem） and B reduce in the plant showing K deficiency. However, N, Ca, Mn and Fe contents increased significantly in leaves of the two cultivars, N increased in the stem of K326 and in the root of HD, surprisingly N decreased in the root of K326 and in the upper stem of HD. When HD plant growing in the upland field showed typical K deficiency, the effective N, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, B, and NO3^-N reduced significantly except for high NIL^-N in the rhizospheric soil, but both of NO3^-N and NIL-N increased and Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Mn, B did not change significantly when K deficiency symptom appeared on K326 in the paddy field.

关 键 词：烤烟 大田 典型缺钾症 农艺性状 营养元素 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S432.32[农业科学—作物学]