氯化铵与硫酸反应制备硫酸铵盐和氯化氢  

Study on reaction between ammonium chloride and sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfates and hydrogen chloride

作　　者：吴限博[1] 沈俊[1] 游贤贵[1] 张昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学化工学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2008年第1期14-16,共3页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：甘肃省金昌市科技局委托项目(06H711)

摘　　要：因氯离子导致土壤盐化和对部分农作物有不利影响使氯化铵在农业中的应用受到限制。为了考察用硫酸转化氯化铵为硫酸铵的可能性和探索较佳的转化工艺条件,实验研究了在不同的物料比、反应温度及反应时间下氯化铵与硫酸的反应历程。结果表明,氯化铵与硫酸反应分两步进行:第一步生成硫酸氢铵;第二步是硫酸氢铵与氯化铵进一步反应生成硫酸铵。随着硫酸铵的生成会形成NH4Cl,NH4HSO4和(NH4)3H(SO4)2组成的低共熔混合物,使反应进行困难。升高反应温度、延长反应时间有利于提高氯化铵的转化率,降低硫酸铵盐产物中氯离子的含量。该工艺在氯化铵和硫酸过剩又需要氯化氢的地区具有很好的应用前景。The application of ammonium chloride in agriculture was restricted, because the chloride ions made soil salty and had a negative effect on parts of crops. In order to investigate the probability of ammonium sulfate to be prepared by ammonium chloride and sulfuric acid and to explore a better technical condition, the reaction processes were researched in this article based on different raw material ratio, reaction temperature and time. The results showed that the reactions underwent two stages, ammonium bisulfate was obtained at the first stage, and ammonium bisulfate changed into ammonium sulfate at the second stage. The low eutectic mixtures of NH4 Cl, NH4 HSO4 and （ NH4 ） 3 H （ SO4 ） 2 were formed with the carrying out of the second stage reaction, Which restricted process of the reaction. The conversion rate of ammonium chloride could be increased by increasing reaction temperature and time and the contents of chloride ion in products could be decreased. This process had a good application prospect in those areas where ammonium chloride and sulfuric acid were superfluous but hydrogen chloride was devoid.

关 键 词：氯化铵 硫酸 硫酸铵 氯化氢 硫酸氢铵 

分 类 号：TQ441.11[化学工程—化学肥料工业]