基于能量感知的数据汇聚和路由协议  

An Energy-Aware Data Gathering and Routing Protocol for WSN

作　　者：刘昕[1] 王全玉[1] 金旭亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学计算机科学与技术系,北京100081

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2008年第1期83-89,共7页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：总装备部武器装备预先研究基金项目(513040103)~~

摘　　要：提出了一种分布式的高效节能的传感器网络数据收集和聚合协议,网络中节点根据与基站的远近划分成不同的层次.协议优先选择能量充足并且距离基站最近的节点直接与基站通信,其他节点的数据则通过邻接节点逐层聚合和转发,最后传送到该节点上.因为与基站通信的能量代价太高,直接与基站通信的节点能量消耗很快.当距离基站近的节点能量过低时,协议将选择距离基站较远的节点直接与基站通信.通过顶层节点迁移机制,MTP协议能够很好地将能量损耗均匀分布到所有节点.This paper presents a distributed, energy-efficient data gathering and routing protocol for wireless sensor network. In the algorithm, each sensor node is assigned a tier ID in according to the distance between the node and the base station. Nodes closer to the base station are assigned lower tier IDs. When gathering data, nodes with higher tier IDs send their data to their neighbors who have lower tier IDs where the data is aggregated and then forwarded to nodes with even lower tier IDs. Therefore, the communication is conducted at a low energy level, and the data travels, layer by layer, toward nodes with the lowest tier IDs. When the data reaches the nodes with the lowest tier ID, the system selects a node among them to directly communicate with the base station. Because long-distance communication with the base station is energy-consuming, the node sending data to the base station will have its energy drained off very fast so that it die much earlier than other nodes. A mechanism is proposed to shift the long-distance communication among all network nodes, which is called the top-tier shifting mechanism. Using this mechanism, energy consumption can be evenly distributed among all network nodes, and the network lifetime is prolonged.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 路由算法 数据聚合 通信 节能 

分 类 号：TP316.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]