棉花型和瓜型棉蚜产生有性世代能力的分化  

Differentiation of cotton and cucumber specialized aphids of Aphis gossypii Glover in capacity to produce sexuales

作　　者：高雪[1] 刘向东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学昆虫学系,南京210095

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2008年第1期40-45,共6页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571222)

摘　　要：为了明确寄主专化性是否会影响棉蚜的繁殖策略或生活史对策,采用低温和短光照组合(18℃,L∶D=8∶16)分别对棉花型和瓜型棉蚜进行有性世代的诱导,比较两寄主专化型棉蚜产生有翅蚜、雄性母、雌性母及无翅孤雌蚜的能力。结果表明:两寄主专化型棉蚜在产生有性世代能力上存在显著差异,表现为棉花型棉蚜在诱导后代中产生有翅蚜、雄性母和雌性母的比率显著高于瓜型棉蚜,并且雌、雄性母产生的时间明显早于瓜型棉蚜。瓜型棉蚜在诱导条件下产生无翅孤雌蚜的比率显著高于棉花型棉蚜,并且发现有不产生有性世代的营专性孤雌生殖个体,而在棉花型棉蚜中没有发现。产生性母蚜的棉花型和瓜型棉蚜均可同时产生孤雌胎生后代。寄主型与诱导时间长短对棉蚜有性世代的产生存在交互作用。采集于田间棉花和黄瓜上的棉蚜,也表现为棉花上的易产生有性世代,在诱导的第2代中产生性母蚜的比率显著高于黄瓜上的棉蚜,并且性母蚜比率在诱导的第2代与第3代间无显著差异;但黄瓜上的棉蚜性母蚜产生比率第3代显著高于第2代。由此推测,棉蚜寄主专化性的形成与生活史特性的分化有关。In order to illustrate whether host specialized aphids differentiated in their life-history tactics, inducement of sexual aphids in cotton and cucumber specialized aphids of Aphis gossypii Glover was conducted under low temperature （18 ℃ ） and short photoperiod （L： D = 8： 16） conditions in the laboratory. The number of Mate, apterous parthenogenesis aphids, and sexuparae produced by the cotton and cucumber specialized aphids were compared. The results showed that the capacity to produce sexuparae by the cucumber and cotton specialized aphids differed significantly. The rates of Mate aphids and sexuparae produced by the cotton specialized aphids were significantly higher than those by the cucumber specialized aphids. The producing time of sexuparae aphids by the cotton specialized aphids was earlier than that by the cucumber specialized aphids, whereas the apterous aphids produced by cucumber specialized aphids were significantly more than those by cotton specialized aphids. Moreover, the obligative parthenogenesis individuals had been found in the cucumber specialized aphids, but not in the cotton specialized aphids. All the two specialized aphids which produced sexuparae still kept the capacity to produce parthenogenesis offspring. There was significant interaction between host specialization and the inducement duration for producing sexual morphs. The similar results were exhibited for the wild aphids on cotton and cucumber in producing sexuparae. In the second induced generation, the rate of sexuparae produced by the aphids living on cotton was much higher than that on cucumber. Meanwhile, the rate of sexuparae was significantly higher in the third induced generation than in the second generation for the aphids on cucumber, but there was no difference for the aphids on cotton. It is inferred that there exists relationship between the formation of host specialization and differentiation of life cycle in A. gossypii.

关 键 词：棉蚜 寄主专化型 有性世代 性母 棉花型棉蚜 瓜型棉蚜 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]