圆叶决明硼胁迫症状及施硼效应研究  

Symptoms of boron stress on Chamaecrista rotundifolia and effects of applying boron fertilizer

作　　者：黄东风[1] 翁伯琦[2] 熊德中[3] 罗涛[1] 应朝阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农业科学院生态农业研究所,福建福州350013 [3]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《草业学报》2008年第1期8-14,F0003,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：福建省科学技术厅重点项目(2005No29和2005Y009);福建省农业科学院青年人才创新基金项目(闽农科院发[2006]157号)资助

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验研究了红壤中硼元素胁迫（缺乏或过量）对圆叶决明植株硼含量、生物产量、植株叶片的形态结构和叶肉细胞叶绿体的影响。结果表明．与不施硼肥处理相比，施用不同浓度的硼肥（1，3，5和7mgB／kg土）均能明显提高圆叶决明植株硼含量和植株于重，增幅分别为87．33％～549．33％和48．6％～86．2％，其中以3mgB／kg土处理的植株于物质重最高．为2．57g／株．增加率为86．2％；当施用5mgB／kg土时．圆叶决明植株的硼含量为79．981mg／kg．并开始出现硼中毒症状，7mgB／kg土处理的圆叶决明硼中毒症状更为明显；圆叶决明硼胁迫（缺乏或过量）时叶肉细胞叶绿体数量减少，叶绿体与细胞壁的结合松散，基质片层的重叠较少，柱状基粒的数量很少或没有；硼缺乏胁迫时．对叶绿体的破坏作用主要表现在破坏叶绿体双层膜结构和基粒片层的垛叠，以及促进脂质片层的溶解；而硼过量胁迫时.对叶绿体的破坏作用主要表现在破坏基粒和促进脂质片层的溶解，而对叶绿体的双层膜结构的影响不明显。最后通过田间试验研究了山地红壤区圆叶决明施用硼肥的效应．结果表明，施用不同浓度的硼肥（1．5，3．0，4．5kgB／hm^2）处理均能增加圆叶决明植株的硼含量和生物产量．增幅分别为13．0％～32．4％和7．2％～34．2％。In a potted plant trial, the effects of stress from lack or excessive boron element in red soil on the form and structure of leaves, chloroplasts, and on the boron content of plants and on biological yield of Chamaecrista rotundifolia were researched. Compared with no boron treatment, application of different con- centrations of boron fertilizer （1, 3, 5, and 7 mg B/kg soil ） enhanced the boron content and plant dry weight of C. rotundifolia by 87.33%-549.33% and 48.6%-86.2%, respectively. After applying 3 mg B/kg soil the plant dry weight reached a maximum of 2.57 g/plant, an increase of 86.2%. Applying 5 mg B/kg soil increased the boron content in C. rotundifolia to 79. 981 mg/kg, but poisoning symptoms started to be observed, and were more obvious by using 7 mg B/kg soil. Symptoms of boron stress （lacking or excessive） on C. rotundifolia included a reduction in the number of chloroplasts in leaves, the combination of chloroplast and cell walls was lost, the number of folded lamellae in chloroplasts was reduced, and there were few or columned grana. A low concentration or absence of boron （1 mg B/kg soil or CK respectively） mainly destroyed the formation of the two-layer-membrane of chlorophyll, the piling up of chloroplast lamellae, and promoted the dissolution of chloroplast lamellae. High boron concentrations （5 or 7 mg B/kg soil） mainly destroyed the piling up of chloroplast lamellae and promoted the dissolution of chloroplast lamellae, but did not influence the two-layer-membrane of chlorophyll. Finally, effects of applying boron fertilizer on C. rotundifolia planted in the mountainous red soil area were studied with field plot trials and showed that： Applying different rates of boron fertilizer （1.5,3.0,4.5 kg B/hm^2）could also enhance the boron content and biological yield of C. rotundifolia by 13.0%-32.4% and 7.2%-34.2% respectively.

关 键 词：山地红壤 圆叶决明 硼 胁迫症状 施硼效应 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]