油溶性分散型催化剂在渣油悬浮床加氢裂化反应中的作用  

Effect of Oil-Soluble Dispersed Catalyst for Slurry Bed Hydrocracking of Residue

作　　者：张数义[1] 邓文安[1] 刘东[1] 罗辉[1] 阙国和[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)重质油加工国家重点实验室,山东东营257061

出　　处：《石油化工》2008年第2期119-122,共4页Petrochemical Technology

摘　　要：在高压釜中,考察了克拉玛依常压渣油(KLAR)在油溶性分散型催化剂存在下的悬浮床加氢裂化和H2气氛下的热裂化反应,对加氢裂化反应前后催化剂的存在形态进行了光学显微镜分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析。实验结果表明,在相同的反应苛刻度下,KLAR悬浮床加氢裂化与热裂化反应相比,轻油收率虽略有降低,但产气率与结焦率大幅度降低,壁相结焦率由4.86%降到1.12%,总结焦率由5.67%降到2.28%。光学显微镜分析和XRD分析显示,催化剂的活性状态为NiS和Ni3S4硫化物种;反应前催化剂在渣油中均匀分散,并活化H2得到H·自由基以饱和大分子自由基、抑制结焦;反应后期催化剂被反应中生成的焦炭包覆,成为炭沉积的载体以减少反应器壁的结焦。Slurry bed hydrocracking and thermal-cracking in H2 atmosphere of Karamay atmospheric residue were carried out in autoclave using a oil-soluble dispersed catalyst. The catalysts used in slurry bed hydrocracking were separated from products and analyzed by microscopic technique and XRD. Comparing with thermal cracking in H2 atmosphere, yield of light oil from hydrocracking slightly decreases, but yields of both gas and coke decrease significantly. Yield of wall-phase coke rate dropped from 4.86% to 1.12% and yield of total coke rate dropped from 5.67% to 2.28%. The microscopic technique and XRD analysis showed that the catalyst is well dispersed in residue before reaction. It was covered tightly by coke and lost activity after reaction. Active catalytic components of dispersed catalysts are NiS and Ni3S4 metal sulfide species. During reaction, the catalyst activates H2 to form free radicals H· , which further saturate large molecular free radicals of coke precursor and restrain the formation of coke. Catalyst itself becomes the location of coke deposition and loses its activity gradually. Therefore formation of wall-phase coke decreases.

关 键 词：渣油 油溶性分散型催化剂 悬浮床 加氢裂化 

分 类 号：TE624.41[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]