温度和光照强度对不同品质类型小麦旗叶光合特性和衰老的影响  

Effects of temperature and illumination on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and senescence of wheat cultivars with different grain quality

作　　者：张黎萍[1] 荆奇[1] 戴廷波[1] 姜东[1] 曹卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第2期311-316,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30200166);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK2005212)

摘　　要：以两个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种豫麦34(高蛋白)和扬麦9号(低蛋白)为材料,研究不同温光条件对小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性和衰老的影响.结果表明:高温、弱光处理显著降低了小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ,但高温和弱光对小麦旗叶造成伤害的生理机制不同,高温主要降低了叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和Pn,灌浆后期Pn下降幅度达50%;而弱光主要降低了叶绿素荧光参数,抑制了光合系统PSⅡ的活性.高温使小麦旗叶丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量下降,加速了植株衰老;而弱光下SOD活性较高,小麦衰老进程较高温缓慢,植株对弱光的耐受性较强.豫麦34对高温、弱光逆境的反应比扬麦9号敏感.Taking wheat cuhivars Yumai 34 （high protein content in grain） and Yangmai 9 （low protein content in grain） as test materials, and by the method of growth chamber, this paper Jstudied the effects of different combinations of temperature and illumination on the photosynthetic characteristics and senescence of their flag leaves at grain-filling stage. The results showed that both high temperature and low illumination had negative effects on the photosynthesis. They decreased the net photosynthetic rate （ Pn ）, photochemical efficiency （ Fv/Fm ）, and actual photochemical efficiency （φPSⅡ） significantly, but their action mechanisms were differed. High temperature mainly decreased the chlorophyll content （SPAD value） and P,, while low illumination mainly decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ, and thus, inhibited the activity of PS Ⅱ. High temperature increased the MDA content and decreased the soluble protein content and SOD activity, resulting in the acceleration of senescence, while low illumination increased the SOD activ- ity and slowed down the senescence. Yumai 34 was more sensitive to high temperature and low illumination than Yangmai 9.

关 键 词：小麦 高温 光照强度 叶绿素荧光 衰老 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]