甘肃省基层接种点预防接种安全注射质量调查结果分析  

Analysis on the Quality of Safe Injection of Different Inoculating Units in Gansu Province

作　　者：李慧[1] 唐宇[1] 王小玲[1] 张晓曙[1] 高丽[1] 李晓波[1] 李风琴[1] 刘长江[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2008年第2期45-48,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的为全面了解和比较评价甘肃省不同级别接种点预防接种安全注射的现状。方法在全省范围进行横断面调查。采用现场调查、问卷等方法,对抽取的20%的接种点(共7210个接种单位、8768名接种人员)进行了调查工作;数据用Excel、SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果目前甘肃省预防接种注射器使用主要以一次性注射器和自毁型注射器相结合类型为主(占70.96%),仅有2.78%的接种点使用玻璃注射器;"一人一针一管"安全注射的比例达到97.00%,比2000年的55%上升了76.36%。焚烧和深埋已是目前一次性及自毁型注射器使用后处理的主要方式(89.52%)。调查的各接种点在2006年发生预防接种副反应的比例为2.23%,远高于预防接种副反应常规监测的数据;但进行报告的仅有40.51%的接种点;发生的预防接种副反应主要以注射局部的反应为主。结论预防接种不安全注射的主要问题已由以往共用玻璃注射器或注射器消毒不严格为主转变为一次性注射器使用后的不安全处理及接种人员不规范的接种过程。接种人员在接种前告知和健康检查、接种疫苗后观察时间等知识掌握方面较欠缺。OBJECTIVE To know and evaluate the status quo of safe injection of different inoculatiiag units. METHODS To carry out cross-sectional study by sampling 20% inoculating units of Gansu Province （7210 inoculating units and 8768 staff）, and to execute researches in descriptive epidemioiogy by field survey and questionnaires, dealing with results by Excel and SPSS. RESULTS The disposableinjectors and self-destruction injectors are dominant injectors used in Gansu Province, and 70.96% inoculating units use these both, only 2.78%use glass injectors. The rate of safe injection of per person per needle per injector reaches 97.00%, compared with that of 2000, which ascends 76.36%.Burning and burying are dominant ways to dispose the injectors after, usage, which account for 89.52%.The happening rate of adverse effect, mainly being the local response, of inoculation among surveyed unitsis 2.23% in 2006, much higher than surveillance data, and only 40.51% units report to the superior. CONCLUSIONS The major reason resulting in unsafe injection has switched from using glass injectors or undemanding disinfection to unsafe disposal of disposable injectors and nonstandard inoculation.The awareness of reference knowledge, such as the impartation before inoculation, physical check-up, observational time after inoculation and disposal time after opening the vaccine and so on is low.

关 键 词：预防接种 安全注射 流行病学 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]