长期施用氮、磷及有机肥对农田黑土PLFA的影响  

Effect of long-term fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic fertilizer on PLFA in Chinese arable mollisol.

作　　者：白震[1] 张明[2] 闫颖[1] 郑立臣[3] 张旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态过程重点实验室 [2]辽宁大学生命科学学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [3]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外研究站,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2008年第1期73-80,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(40535028);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-433)

摘　　要：研究黑土长期肥料定位站CK、N、P、NP、单施有机肥(MCK)、有机肥与氮肥(MN)、有机肥与磷肥(MP)、有机肥与氮磷肥(MNP)等8处理土壤磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)和基本理化性质.结果表明,有机肥及单施P处理显著促进真菌、细菌生长,提高真菌/细菌比值;单施N对细菌或真菌无显著影响;与MCK相比,有机肥配施化肥对真菌、细菌影响不同:总细菌脂肪酸由大到小依次为MCK(54.7 nmol·g-1)>MP(49.7nmol·g-1)>MN(44.8 nmol·g-1)>MNP(42.6 nmol·g-1);而真菌生物量则随化肥施用而增加,表现为MP(28.5 nmol·g-1)>MN(26.0 nmol·g-1)>MNP(22.8 nmol·g-1)>MCK(22.0 nmol·g-1).多元线性回归分析表明,总微生物群落或总细菌受速效钾与硝态氮含量影响最为显著,硝态氮与总氮是G+菌生长的主要限制养分,而速效钾是影响G-菌的最主要因素,真菌更易受有效磷与铵态氮含量影响.Surface soil samples of 8 different fertilization treatments, including CK, N, P, NP, MCK, MN, MP, MNP in Gongzhuling national long-term experimental site, were taken on May 31, 2006. PLFA and the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen（AN）, available phosphorus（AP）, readily available potassium （RAK）, NO3^-N and NH4^＋-N as well as soil pH of each sample were measured. The results show that organic fertilizer amendments （MCK, MN, MP and MNP） and application of single P significantly promoted soil microbial growth and increased the fungi-tobacteria ratio. Long-term application of single N did not affect bacterial or fungal growth. In comparison with MCK, the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers had different effects on fungi and bacteria： as for total bacterial PLFA, the order was MCK（54.7 nmol·g^-1 〉MP（49.7 nmol·g^-1 〉 MN（44.8 nmol·g^-1 〉 MNP（42.6 nmol·g^-1 ） ; however, fungi were significantly promoted by the addition of chemical fertilizers with the order of MP（28.5 nmol·g^-1 〉 MN（26.0 nmol·g^-1 〉 MNP （22.8 nmol·g^-1〉 MCK （22.0 nmol·g^-1）. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that total microbial and bacterial biomass were significantly affected by readily available potassium and NO3^- N, and fungal biomass was influenced by available phosphorus and NH4^＋-N. NO3^--N and total nitrogen were the most important factors affecting the growth of G^＋ , while the most important factor for G was readily available potassium.

关 键 词：磷脂脂肪酸 微生物 黑土 无机肥 有机肥 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]