婴儿早期喂养方式及其营养素摄入  

Survey of feeding patterns and nutrient intake in healthy term infants in Shanghai

作　　者：董小燕[1] 沃乐柳 张雷[1] 居美芳[1] 张建萍 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属儿童医院营养研究室,200040 [2]上海市儿童保健所

出　　处：《上海医学》2008年第1期5-9,共5页Shanghai Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的比较上海市0～6个月婴儿的喂养方式及其营养素摄人与生长发育的关系。方法分层随机抽取2005年上海市4个区域共240名足月产(孕38～42周)健康婴儿,入选年龄为(120±10)d。记录4、6月龄连续3d的食物摄入情况,按4月龄摄入食物种类分为完全母乳喂养(除母乳、水、鱼肝油外不吃其他含热能食物)、不完全母乳喂养(母乳为唯一乳类,同时摄入非乳类辅食)、混合喂养(母乳、配方乳及其他辅食均有摄入)和人工喂养(以婴儿配方乳为唯一乳品,同时也摄入其他辅食)4种喂养方式。记录每名婴儿出生、4月龄和6月龄时的身长和体重以及6月龄时血红蛋白水平。结果195名婴儿完成本次调研。4月龄婴儿膳食以乳类为主食,中位摄入量为799.9 mL/d。6月龄婴儿乳类中位摄人量为692.7 mL/d,果泥、菜汁、米粉、蛋类等辅食的种类及数量不断增加,粥、面和豆腐等传统食物用量递增。4、6月龄婴儿的中位热量摄入值分别为2.46和2.69 MJ/d,蛋白质与热能比值为0.48～0.58 g/kJ;三大供热营养素供热比例、钙摄入量平均值基本合理。4月龄时完全母乳喂养、不完全母乳喂养、混合喂养和人工喂养所占比例分别为13%、16%、36%和35%。4月龄时母乳提供的营养份额占40%～50%,6月龄时下降至20%～25%。虽人工喂养和混合喂养儿热能、三大供热营养素及钙、铁、锌等营养素摄入量高于完全和不完全母乳喂养儿,但婴儿4、6月龄时身长和体重的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);但不完全母乳喂养儿4～6个月时体重增长趋势略低于其他喂养方式。人工喂养的6月龄男婴血红蛋白水平明显高于完全母乳喂养男婴(P<0.01)。6月龄婴儿铁、锌摄入量较低。结论上海市婴儿早期(0～6个月)平均热能摄入水平达到世界卫生组织推荐摄入量,供热营养素结构比较合理。4月龄婴儿营养素平均摄入量较充足,6月龄婴儿铁、锌等�Objective To investigate the correlation of the feeding patterns and the nutrient intake with the growth and development of infants in their first 6 months of life on the basis of a survey of infants in Shanghai. Methods A total of 240 healthy full-term infants aged （120 ± 10） days, selected from 4 different areas of Shanghai in 2005, were enrolled in this survey according to a stratified sampling method. The dietary intake was recorded for 3 consecutive days during the 4^th and 6^th month of the infants, and the infants were divided into 4 groups with different feeding patterns, namely exclusive breast feeding, breast feeding as the only milk source with other supplementary food, mixed feeding（breast and formula feeding plus other supplementary food）, and bottle feeding（without breast milk）. The body iength and weight of the infants were measured at 0, 4, and 6 months and the hemoglobin（Hb） level was also determined at 6 months. Resalts In the 195 infants who completed this survey, the mean intake of breast and formula milk were 799.9 and 692.7 mL/d, respectively, and the mean energy intake was 2.46 at 4 months and 2.69 MJ/d at 6 months, with a dietary protein ： energy ratio of 0.48-0.58 g/kJ during the period of 4-6 months. The exclusive breast feeding rate at 4 months was 13%, and the rates of nonexclusive breast feeding（without formula）, mixed feeding, and bottle feeding were 16%, 36%, and 35%, respectively. The nutrients from breast milk accounted for 40%-50% of the total nutrient intake at 4 months, and decreased by 50% at 6 months. Despite that the energy and nutrient intakes in bottle-fed and mix-fed infants were higher than those in breast-fed infants, no significant difference was found in the body size between the 4 groups. The level of Hb in exclusively breast-fed boys at 6 months, however, was significantly lower than that in formula-fed boys. The average iron and zinc intakes in the 6-month-old infants were lower than the recommended intakes. Conclusion The average energy inta

关 键 词：婴儿 喂养方式 微营养素 身长 体重 血红蛋白 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]