机构地区:[1]湖州师范学院教育科学与技术学院,湖州313000
出 处:《中国心理卫生杂志》2008年第2期118-122,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal
基 金:浙江省社科规划常规性课题(06CGSH21YBM)
摘 要:目的:探讨城市空巢老人的社会支持及其与心理健康状况的关系。方法:采用自编的老年人社会支持评定问卷和老年人心理健康状况测查问卷测查1646名老人(空巢1250人,非空等396人)。结果:从支持的对象看,相对空巢老人得到的子女支持多于绝对空巢老人和无子女老人(14.0±2.8/12.5±3.0、3.0±0.0),但小于非空巢老人(14.7±2.7)(F(3,1642)=585.527,P=0.000);绝对空巢老人得到的亲朋支持最多(16.1±5.6,F(3,1642)=3.606,P=0.013),但和非空巢老人(16.1±5.5)差异无统计学显著性;无子女老人得到的团体组织支持较非空巢、相对空巢、绝对空巢老人均高(7.5±3.2/5.8±3.3、5.5±3.1、6.2±3.0,F(3,1642)=13.861,P=0.000)。从支持的内容和对支持的利用度看,无子女老人评分均小于相对空巢老人、绝对空巢老人和非空巢老人(如实际支持得分分别为:13.6±4.4、18.2±5.1、18.2±4.8、18.7±5.0,F=31.609,P=0.000)。配偶支持男性评分大于女性(12.2±4.9/10.2±5.3,t=-6.774,P=0.000),亲朋支持女性评分大于男性(15.7±5.0/15.1±5.6,t=2.244,P=0.025)。除配偶支持和子女支持外,社会支持各因子评分年龄差异显著,高龄组得分较低。回归分析结果显示子女支持、配偶支持、情感支持和对支持的利用度影响城市空巢老人的心理健康状况(β=-0.103^-0.199)。结论:不同家庭结构的城市空巢老人的社会支持存在差异,社会支持影响城市空巢老人的心理健康状况。Objective: To investigate the social support of the empty-nest elderly people lived in urban area and its relation with their mental health. Methods. Using self-made social support questionnaire and mental heath scale for the elderly people, a sample of 1646 (empty-nest (n=1250) and not-empty-nest elderly people (n = 396)) was tested. The empty-nest group were subsequently divided into relative empty-nest who had children lived in the same city but not at home, absolute group who had children in other cities or abroad, and no-child elderly group who had no child at all. Results: As for social support, support from children of the relative empty-nest elderly people ( 14. 0 ± 2. 8) was the most ( absolute empty-nest group 12.5 ± 3.0, no-child group 3.0 ± 0.0, Fo,1642± = 585.53, P = 0. 000 ) , but it was less than that of not-empty-nest elderly people ( 14. 7 ± 2. 7 ) . The social support from their rela- tives and friends of the absolutely empty-nest elderly people [ 16. 1 ± 5.6 ) was the most ( relative empty-nest group data, no-child group data, F(3.1642) = 3. 606, P = 0. 013 ), and there was no significant difference to that of non-emp- ty-nest elderly people ( 16. 1 ± 5. 5 ) . The social support from organization of the childless empty-nest elderly people ( 7. 5 ± 3. 2 ) was the most { absolute group 6. 2 ± 3. 0, relative group 5.5 ± 3.1, F(3.1642)= 13. 86, P 〈 0. 001 ) , and it was more than that of non-empty-nest elderly people ( 5.8 ± 3.3 ) . As for content and utilization of social support, that of ehilcUess elderly people was less than that of correspondingly empty-nest elderly people, absolutely empty-nest elderly people and ordinary elderly people, for example, the scores of practical support were 13. 6 ± 4. 4, 18. 2 ± 5. 1, 18.2 ± 4. 8, 18.7 ± 5.0, F = 31.61, P 〈 0. 001. Support from spouse of female empty-nest elderly people was significandy more than that of males ( 12. 2 ± 4. 9/10. 2 ± 5. 3, t = - 6. 77, P 〈0. 001 }, and
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