一种富马酸类可聚合乳化剂的合成及其乳液性能研究  

Synthesis and Application of An Anionic Fumaric Polymerizable Surfactant

作　　者：乔卫红[1] 孙迎利[1] 刘洪珠 李宗石[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学精细化工国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116012 [2]大连振邦氟涂料有限公司,辽宁大连116036

出　　处：《精细化工》2008年第1期28-32,共5页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：大连市科技计划项目(2005A10GX103)~~

摘　　要：马来酸酐和十四醇在80℃酯化反应1 h得马来酸单十四酯;然后和PCl3在60℃反应2 h得单十四酯马来酰氯;最后与N-甲基牛磺酸钠在70℃反应1 h得白色粉末状固体,用w(CH3CH2OH)=95%的乙醇重结晶,得到一种富马酸类磺酸盐阴离子可聚合乳化剂——N-甲基-N-十四醇单酯马来酰基-牛磺酸钠。用质谱和1HNMR鉴定了目标化合物,结构正确。将所合成的可聚合乳化剂用于醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸丁酯-叔碳酸乙烯酯-甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯乳液聚合,单体转化率97.75%,凝胶率0.02%,乳液固体份质量分数43.52%,乳液多分散性系数(PDI)0.02,呈单分散性。作为对比,非可聚合阴离子乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)同样应用到该乳液聚合体系中,结果发现:由可聚合乳化剂制得的乳液,在耐电解质性能和贮存稳定性方面有所提高,在成膜耐水性方面,可聚合乳化剂制得的乳胶膜浸入水中30 d后,吸水率为13.70%,SDS的吸水率是103.09%,是前者的7.52倍,可聚合乳化剂很好地提高了乳液成膜后的耐水性。Sodium N-methyl-N-hemitetradecylfumaroyl taurine, an anionic polymerizable surfactant （surfmer）, was prepared with maleic anhydride and 1-tetradecanol at 80 ℃ for 1 h, then reacting with PCl3 at 60℃ for 2 h and with sodium N-methyltaurine at 70℃ for 1 h. The product was recrystallized from 95% enthanol. The chemical structure of the surfmer was confirmed by MS and ^1HNMR. The surfmer was then used with constant addition profiles in semicontinuous polymerization of vinyl acetate/ butyl acrylate/VeoVa 10/hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. The conversion of monomers was 97. 75% , the rate of coagulum was 0.02% , and the mass fraction of solid content of emulsion was 43.52%. Polydispersity index （ PDI ） of the latex was 0. 02, which is lower than the limit of monodispersity （0. 1 ）. As a reference, an unreactive surfactant SDS was also used for the polymerization. Compared with SDS, the surfmer behaved better in either the stability to electrolytes or storage stability of the latex. When the films,which were prepared with SDS or the surfmer,were immersed into water after 30 days, water absorption of the film made with SDS （ 103.09% ） was 7.52 times higher than that with surfmer（ 13.70% ）. So,polymerizable surfactant can greatly improve the water resistance of films.

关 键 词：可聚合乳化剂 乳液聚合 稳定性 乳胶膜 表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TQ423.92[化学工程]