国家农业转基因生物安全政策合理性分析  

An Analysis of the Rationality of Security Policy on Agriculture Genetically Modified Organisms in China

作　　者：肖显静[1] 陆群峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2008年第1期91-99,共9页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：中国科学院研究生院科研启动经费项目(065101AM03)

摘　　要：概括分析了鼓励式的、禁止式的、允许式的、预警式的国家农业转基因生物安全政策的特征;结合转基因作物的环境风险与收益评价,探讨了各种模式的政策合理性。得出:鼓励式的农业转基因生物安全政策只考虑转基因作物的收益,无视其存在的环境风险,潜存着较大的风险;禁止式的农业转基因生物安全政策在防范转基因作物环境风险的同时,把其收益也完全放弃了,是过犹不及的;允许式的农业转基因生物安全政策没有意识到转基因作物环境风险的特殊性,不能事后补救;预警式的农业转基因生物安全政策在有效应对转基因作物环境风险的同时,取得转基因作物收益,能够兼顾风险与收益。由此,鼓励式的、禁止式的、允许式的国家农业转基因生物安全政策是不合理的,而预警式的国家农业转基因生物安全政策是合理的。This paper generalizes the characteristics of promotional, preventive permissive and precautionary safety policies on agriculture genetically modified organisms. Integrating the risk and income assessments of genetically modified crops, this paper discusses the rationality of policies in various patterns. The analysis shows that promotional safety policy on agriculture genetically modified organisms only considers the income of genetically modified crops while ignores their environmental risks, which may result in greater risks; preventive safety policy on agriculture genetically modified organisms is 'going too far is as bad as not going far enough', for it abandons all incomes while keeping away all environmental risks of genetically modified crops; permissive safety policy on agriculture genetically modified organisms doesn't recognize the specialties of environment risks of genetically modified crops, so remediation afterwards is impossible; precautionary safety policy on agriculture genetically modified organisms can give attentions to both risks and incomes, because it can catch hold of the incomes of genetically modified crops when it deals with their risks. Therefore, promotional, preventive and permissive safety policies on agriculture genetically modified organisms are irrational, while precautionary safety policy on agriculture genetically modified organisms is rational.

关 键 词：国家农业转基因生物安全政策 模式 风险 收益 合理性 

分 类 号：F326[经济管理—产业经济] D601[政治法律—政治学]