有机栽培和常规栽培水稻体系土壤酶及微生物量的比较研究  

Microbial biomass and paddy soil enzyme activity in organic and conventional farming systems

作　　者：王延军[1] 宗良纲[1] 李锐[1] 魏增贵[1] 杨永岗[2] 肖兴基[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院 [2]国家环境保护总局有机食品发展中心,南京210042

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第1期47-51,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：绿色和平资助项目“中国有机农业生产效益比较研究”(200103)资助

摘　　要：本研究探讨了有机栽培与常规栽培体系下水稻土微生物量及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的动态变化过程，以及有机栽培体系不同肥料调控措施对上述指标的影响。结果表明：与常规栽培水稻体系相比，有机栽培水稻有利于土壤微生物的生长和繁衍；水稻生长不同时期有机栽培方式的土壤微生物生物量碳、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均高于常规栽培体系。就水稻全生育期而言，土壤微生物生物量碳高于常规栽培7，3％～9．1％；脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别高于常规栽培7．3％～14．5％、5．2％～6．5％和12．5％～29．2％；有机水稻栽培体系下配施生态肥，在有机肥施用量减半时，土壤微生物生物量碳含量及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性较单施有机肥平均分别提高1．6％、6．8％、1．3％和14．8％，在水稻生长前期和中期该增加作用尤为显著。Field experiments were carried out to examine the effects of organic and synthetic fertility amendments on Soil Microbial Biomass C （ SMBC ） and enzyme activities in organic and conventional farming systems. Three treatments,including organic fertilizer （CK） , organic fertilizer combined with eco-fertilizer（EF） and synthetic fertilizers（GP） were applied to three replicated plots. Results show that SMBC and soil enzyme activities are higher in organic farming than in conventional farming at different rice growing stages, respectively. In terms of the entire growth period of rice, SMBC in organic farming is higher by 7.3% - 9.1% than that in conventional farming. Urease, acid phosphatase and catalase activities in organic farming are enhanced by 7.3% - 14. 5 % ,5.2% - 6. 5 % and 12.5 % - 29.2% , respectively, over conventional farming. In contrast, under one-half of inputted organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer in combination with eco-fertilizer can enhance SMBC content, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase activities by 1.6% ,6.8% , 1.3% and 14.8% , in that order, over organic fertilizer. Increases of these indexes are particularly remarkable at early and middle growth stages of rice.

关 键 词：有机栽培 常规栽培 土壤微生物生物量碳 土壤酶 水稻 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]