甜菜抗丛根病种质创新与分子生物技术  

Molecular Biotechnology to Enhance Sugarbeet Germplasms Resistant to Rhizomania

作　　者：张春来[1] 蔡惠珍[1] 孙以楚[1] 刘升廷[1] N.W.Scott M.C.Elliott A.Slater 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院甜菜研究所/黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨150080 [2]Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research,De Montfort University Leicester,UK

出　　处：《中国糖料》2008年第1期61-63,72,共4页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：曾得到中国农业科学院院长基金(A9616-13);自然科学基金(39470466/C51);国家科技攻关项目(960216);MAFF(Slater)资助

摘　　要：甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)及其新变异株P型和IV-A型仍对甜菜生产造成重大损失。选育抗病品种是防治该病的唯一有效措施。用ELISA和实时定量逆转录PCR技术测定BNYVV和P.betae可对杂交后代分离群体或转基因后代中的抗病个体进行选择。AFLP、RAPD和PCR等分子标记的建立可对抗病基因位点Rz1(Holly)、Rz2(WB42)、Rz3(WB41)和Rz4(C50,R22)进行辅助选择。在分离植物抗病基因方面,已获得含Rz1的BAC克隆和候选基因。转基因甜菜含重复倒置的BNYVV复制酶基因、RNA-2转运蛋白P15突变基因或CP基因显著提高了抗病性。国际合作可有效地利用资源,加快抗病种质创新。BNYVV, its variants including P type or IV-A type cause heavy loss in sugarbeet production worldwide. Development of resistant varieties is the only method to combat the disease. Assays have been developed for quantification of BNYVV and P.betae by use of ELISA and real-time reverse transcription PCR. This will be useful for facilitating the selection of resistant individuals from post cross-hybridization populations or progenies of transgenic plants. Great efforts have been made on the development of molecular markers for Rz1 to Rz4 including RAPD, PCR, AFLP for assisting genotypic selection. Two research groups have isolated resistant gene analogues and obtained clones co-segregating with Rzl and BAC clones carrying putative genes. Several reports on effective reduction of BNYVV multiplication by dsRNA, mutated P15 and P21 capsid protein. International collaborations play a vital role in speeding-up the development of germplasms resistant to rhizomania while effective use of valuable resources.

关 键 词：甜菜丛根病 抗病种质 分子生物技术 

分 类 号：S435.663[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q81[农业科学—植物保护]