含吹拔空间的高层建筑火灾烟气流动数值模拟  

Numerical Simulation for Fire Smoke Flow in a High-rise Building with Patio Space

作　　者：朱国庆[1] 程远平[1] 顾正洪[1] 季经纬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院

出　　处：《重庆建筑大学学报》2008年第1期95-100,共6页Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50406026)

摘　　要：研究设有吹拔空间的高层建筑烟气流动及火灾蔓延特征,分析其对防火分区和安全疏散的影响。采用性能化消防设计的方法对某设有74.65 m、55.95 m双吹拔空间的一类高层建筑建立火灾发展模型、设计火灾场景、用CFD火灾模拟软件进行数值模拟。结果表明该建筑利用吹拔空间自然排烟时各火灾场景均能满足各层人员疏散的性能指标,在吹拔空间四周环廊上设置挡烟垂壁影响烟气的顺畅排出,缩短了危险来临时间,增大了火灾的危害性。提出吹拔空间式建筑宜利用烟囱效应优先采用自然排烟方式,烟气控制宜疏堵结合,以疏导为主的设计理念。Characteristics of smoke flow and fire spread in a patio space of a high-rise building were studied to investigate their influences on fire compartment and safety evacuation. Fire development model was established and fire scenarios were designed to simulate fire and smoke spread by CFD software numerically based on concepts of fire performance-based design in a high-rise building with double patio space, whose height are 74. 65 m and 55. 95 m, respectively. Simulation results show that in all fire scenarios, performance targets for safety evacuation for people in each floor was satisfied, if smoke was extracted naturally using the patio space. Hang walls mounted in corridors around the patio space prevent smoke flowing out smoothly, shorten the coming of the risk time and increase fire danger. Using chimney effect, it is preferred to adopt natural smoke exhaust method in a high rise building with patio space.

关 键 词：吹拔空间 高层建筑 自然排烟 性能化防火设计 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程] X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]