两套籼型杂交水稻材料粒形遗传效应分析  

Analysis of genetic effects of shape traits of grain,brown rice and head rice of two series of Indica materials

作　　者：卢瑶[1,2] 赵芳明[1] 钟秉强[1] 查仁明[1] 谢戎[3] 余国东[2] 李经勇[2] 何光华[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学水稻研究所,农业部生物技术与作物品质改良重点开放实验室,重庆400716 [2]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [3]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所,四川泸州646100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2008年第1期1-5,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370865);重庆市自然科学基金重点项目(8447);重庆市动植物良种创新工程资助

摘　　要：采用禾谷类作物胚乳品质性状的遗传模型及其分析方法,对两套双列杂交组合粒形性状(谷粒粒形、糙米粒形和整精米粒形)的长、宽、厚及长宽比等性状进行研究。结果表明,籼型杂交水稻粒形性状除谷粒厚和糙米厚外主要受种子直接效应和母体效应的影响,以种子直接加性效应为主,谷粒厚和糙米厚两性状主要受母体效应影响。大多数粒形性状的普通直接遗传率和普通母体遗传率都达显著或极显著水平,且除糙米厚和整精米厚外都以普通直接遗传率为主,糙米厚和整精米厚以普通母体遗传率为主,但因材料和性状的不同有所差异。遗传效应预测值结果表明,缙香1A、缙香2A、缙2A、N45、缙恢34、蜀恢527和泸恢17等对改良粒性状有较好的效果,其中以缙香1A对谷粒、糙米和整精米粒形性状改良效果较好。By using genetic model and analysis method for quality traits of endosperms in cereal crops,the genetic effects of shape traits,including grain length （GL） ,grain width （GW） ,grain thickness （GT） ,ratio of length to width of grain （GLW）, brown rice length （BRL）, brown rice width （ BRW）, brown rice thickness （ B RT）, ratio of length over width of brown rice （BLW） , head rice length （HRL） , head rice width （HRW） ,head rice thickness （HRT） ,ratio of length over width of head rice （HLW） ,of2 series of diallel crosses of lndica rice materials were analyzed. Results indicated that all shape traits except for GT and BRT were mainly controlled by seed direct and maternal effects, with direct additive effect predominating. GT and BRT were mainly controlled by maternal effects（ maternal additive effect and maternal dominant effect ）. The seed direct and matemal heritability were significant or highly significant for most traits, but the cytoplasm heritability was different in different materials. The first series of diallel crosses was more influenced by cytoplasm heritability than the second series of diallel crosses. The direct heritability were the main part of heritability for all Shape traits except for GT and BRT. Materna heritability was the main part of heritability for GT and BRT. The predicted genetic effect indicated that Jinxiang 1 A, Jinxiang2A, Jin2A, N45, Jinhui34 ,Shuhui527 and Luhui17 were better parents for improving shape traits.

关 键 词：水稻 谷粒粒形 糙米粒形 整精米粒形 遗传效应 遗传率 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]