全国道路交通事故伤流行病学──1995年回顾  

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Trauma in China -1995 in Retrospect

作　　者：王正国[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学附属大坪医院野战外科研究所

出　　处：《中华创伤杂志》1997年第4期237-241,共5页Chinese Journal of Trauma

摘　　要：目的：对１９９５年全国道路交通事故伤的流行病学资料进行分析．方法：以国家公安部交通管理局发布的资料为依据，结合其他来源的资料，进行整理分析和讨论．结果：（１）随着全国经济的高速发展和机动车辆数的急剧增多，交通需要与道路建设间的矛盾更为尖锐，１９９５年因车祸死亡者已超过７万人．（２）９０．０％的车祸是由司机违反交通规则造成的，由此造成的死亡率较１９９４年增加１０．０％．此外，非职业驾驶员和无执照驾驶员肇事增多，比１９９４年分别增加５３．３％和１５．９％．（３）夜间车祸和死亡人数分别增加了１２．８％和１５．１％，死亡率增加的速率高于白天１１．０％．（４）７０．０％的车祸与自行车有关．（５）二、三月份，尽管交通繁忙，但车祸及死亡数均明显降低．此外，在某些发达地区，如北京、上海、广东等，每万名司机的死亡数不到８．０人，远远低于全国平均水平（２２．５人），其主要原因之一就是加强了交通管理．结论：尽管经济发展与交通安全的矛盾更趋尖锐，但加强交通管理，肯定可减少车祸．Aim: Analysis of epidemiologic data of road traffic trauma (RTT) in China in 1995 was carried out. Meothods: The data were gathered from Traffic Administration Bureau, and Science & Technology Daily, then analyzed and discussed. Results: (1) With the rapid development of Chinese economy and rapid increase of motor vehicles, the contradiction between traffic requirements and highway construction is getting sharper, and over 70 000 people died of road traffic accidents (RTA) in 1995. (2) Ninety percent of RTA resulted from drivers, violation of traffic regulation, which caused increase of mortality by 10.0% compared with that in 1994. In addition, the incidence of RTA from nonprofessional drivers and those without license increased by 53.3% and 15.9%, respectively. (3) The incidence of RTA and the deaths at night increased by 12.8% and 15.1%, respectively. The increase rate of mortality was 11.0% higher than that in the day. (4)Seventy percent of RTA was related to bicycles. (5) In February and March, the transportation of passengers and goods increased significantly but the incidence of RTA and the amount of deaths declined remarkably. Also, in some economically developed provinces or big cities, like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, the mortality rate per 10 000 drivers was less than 8.0 people, much less than the mean mortality of the whole country (22.5 people). One of the main reasons is the strengthening of traffic administration. Conclusion: In China, though the contradiction between economic development and traffic safety is getting sharper, it still clearly indicates that strengthening traffic administration can definitely reduce RTA and RTT.

关 键 词：交通事故伤 流行病学 创伤 

分 类 号：R641.01[医药卫生—外科学] U491.3[医药卫生—临床医学]