排水工程对三江平原湿地流域的影响分析  

Influence of Water-drainage Works on Landscape Pattern in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：王翠晓[1] 刘红玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2008年第1期103-107,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40471003);南京师范大学高层次人才基金项目(2005105XGQ2B68)

摘　　要：在三江平原别拉洪河流域地形图、土地利用图和排水工程建设资料的基础上,利用地理信息系统进行流域景观制图,并根据排水工程建设量将该流域划分出4个排水分区。利用景观结构分析软件FRAGSTATS分别计算了各分区2个时期(1967年和2005年)的多种景观结构指标。结果表明:排水工程之前,除了旱地无排区的其它3个排水区域,自然湿地覆盖率均达到90%以上,且呈大块连续状分布,结构比较简单,自然状态保存完好;排水渠大量修建之后,沼泽地因排水基本消失,草甸及其它沼泽类型也大片被排干,取而代之的是以大面积的旱地和水田为基质,湿地以小的斑块体镶嵌其中的流域景观,景观结构破碎化严重并趋于复杂化。最后提出下一步的研究工作。Abstract： The Bielahong river watershed, as a typical wetland watershed, in the Sanjiang plain of north- east China, is covered by wetland landscape more than 90%, before the water-drainage works started. During the past 40 years, the rapid development of water-drainage works in the watershed resulted in the change of watershed eco-hydrological pattern and water level in wetland, and about 80 % of wetlands have been lost in Bielahong river watershed. In this study, based on relief map and land use map,according to the theory and methods of landscape ecology, using the GIS techniques software, the land use/wetland landscape map is formed. We first ana- lyze the intensity of water-drainage in the watershed, and found that the density of drainage channel was different in the landscape map. Meanwhile, according to the density of drainage channel, a total of 4 drain- age zones was delimited and delineated to advance the landscape structure analysis of the Bielahong river watershed in detail, they are strong-water drainage zone in upriver of Bielahong, strong-water drainage zone in middle reaches of Bielahong river, weak-water drainage zone in lower reaches of Bielahong river and. Finally we calculated various landscape metrics of each zone in 1967 and 2005, using the powerful landscape structure analysis program, FRAGSTATS, including area, patch density and size, diversity, and so on. The result indicated that the development of drainage works is the direct reason of the wetland landscape changes. In 1967, the landscape of the 3 drainage zones except no water drainage zone in form land, which had biggest wetland cover was kept in natural state and had the best environment. Until now, all the 4 drainage zones are covered by form land,and the left wetlandls only 24.51%. Quantifying the landscape pattern and its change should provide useful information for effectively monitoring, assessing, and managing wetland watershed.

关 键 词：景观变化 排水工程 湿地 流域 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]