两个高结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系农艺性状及细胞遗传学比较研究  

Agronomic Traits and Cytogenetic Behaviors of Autotetraploid Rice Restorers with High Seed Set

作　　者：栾丽[1] 龙文波[1] 王兴[1] 陈英[1] 刘玉花[1] 涂升斌[1] 孔繁伦[1] 李万明[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]四川省达州市农业科学研究所,四川达州635000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2008年第1期11-17,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院“西部之光”人才计划项目资助~~

摘　　要：以高结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系T4002和T4063为材料进行农艺性状及细胞遗传学比较研究.结果表明,T4002和T4063具有大穗、大粒、叶色浓绿、根深杆壮、株型理想、抗倒、适应力强、分蘖较好、结实率高等农艺性状.T4002和T4063染色体组成均为2n=4x=48,花粉母细胞(PMC)具有较为理想的减数分裂行为,配对染色体的比率在99%以上;其平均染色体构型分别为0.05Ⅰ+19.96Ⅱ(9.89rod+10.07ring)+0.01Ⅲ+2.20Ⅳ和0.11Ⅰ+19.17Ⅱ(8.90rod+10.37ring)+0.09Ⅲ+2.26Ⅳ+0.01Ⅵ,平均交叉分别为37.4700和37.0426.T4002和T4063PMC减数分裂各个时期单价体和三价体的比例低,而中期I(MI)PMC观察到较多二价体和四价体,其最大频率的染色体构型分别为12II6IV和10II7IV.MI单价体、三价体和多价体频率,后期I(AI)、末期I(TI)和末期II(TII)异常染色体行为都与花粉育性和结实率呈负相关.AI染色体滞后细胞比率同TI异常细胞比率呈极显著正相关,表明AI染色体滞后是TI微核形成的主要原因.多价体数目与TII异常形成四分孢子的PMC比率显著相关,表明多价体不仅影响AI(相关系数0.72)和TI(相关系数0.79),且显著影响减数分裂II染色体分配,从而影响TII正常四分小孢子形成.AI染色体滞后细胞比率同TI异常细胞比率呈极显著正相关,暗示影响AI染色体分离及TI微核形成的基因很可能是显性单基因.The agronomic and cytogenetic characteristics of restorer lines T4002 and T4063 of autotetraploid rice were studied. The T4002 and T4063 showed the advantages of long panicle, large grain, high plant, good resistance, high seed set and high yield. The meiotic analysis showed that the mean meiotic configurations of T4002 and T4063 were 0.05 Ⅰ＋ 19. 96 Ⅱ （9.89 rod＋10.07 ring） ＋0.01Ⅲ ＋ 2.20Ⅳ and0.11 Ⅰ ＋19.17Ⅱ （8.90 rod＋10.37 ring） ＋0.09Ⅲ ＋ 2.26Ⅳ ＋ 0.01Ⅵ, respectively. The meiotic chromosome behavior was slightly irregular in T4002 and T4063. They were observed less univalent, trivalent and muhivalent proportions at Metaphase 1（MⅠ） , but more bivalent and quadrivalent. The most frequent chromosome configurations were 12Ⅱ 6Ⅳ and 10 Ⅱ 7Ⅳ. At MⅠ, the frequency of univalents, trivalents and muhivalents, the abnormal chromosome at Anaphase 1（AⅠ） , Telophase 1 （TⅠ） and Telophase Ⅱ （TⅡ） had negative correlation with pollen fertility and seed set. At AⅠ the frequency of lagging chromosome was correlated with abnormal cells at TⅠ. This might indicate that it was the main cause of forming micronuelei. Univalent frequency was correlated with muhivalent frequency, and multivalents correlated with the frequency of abnormal mierospores at TⅡ. This showed that the number of muhivalent had influence not only on AⅠ （ correlation coefficient of 0. 72） and TⅠ （ correlation coefficient of 0. 79） , but also on the forming of normal spores at TⅡ. The lagging chromosome at TⅠ was correlated with frequency of micronuelei. This implied that the gene, which affected chromosome separation at AⅠ and micronuclei formation at TⅠ, was probably dominant single gene. Fig 1, Tab 5, Ref 28

关 键 词：同源四倍体水稻 恢复系 减数分裂 四价体 相关分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]