磷酸二氢钾催化下甲苯的选择性硝化  

Selective Nitration of Toluene in Presence of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate

作　　者：刘丽荣[1] 吕春绪[1] 张晓波[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]淮海工学院化学工程系,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《含能材料》2008年第1期63-65,共3页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK99071)资助项目

摘　　要：研究了催化剂磷酸二氢钾对甲苯硝化反应的催化活性,考察了催化剂用量、硝化反应条件及催化剂的重复使用等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,在醋酐存在条件下,以CCl4为溶剂、质量分数为95%的硝酸为硝化剂,温度控制在55℃反应60 min,0.6 g磷酸二氢钾催化剂对甲苯硝化表现出了强的区域选择性,硝化产物邻位和对位异构体的重量比达0.96,较硝硫混酸的1.67显著降低,产物收率达到95.1%。该催化剂可循环使用5次,催化活性变化很小。The catalytic activities of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for nitrations of toluene were studied. Effects of catalyst dosage,reaction condition and recovered catalyst on the regioselectivities of toluene were investigated. The result shows high regioselectivity when 0.6 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate catalyst is used with 95% nitric acid as nitrating reagent in the presence of acetic anhydride ,in 60 min at 55 ℃. The ortho-paro isomer ratio is 0.96 ,lower than 1.67 with sulfonitric acid as catalyst. The yield of product is 95.1%. The catalyst is reutilized up to five times with little change in activity.

关 键 词：应用化学 磷酸二氢钾 催化剂 甲苯 区域选择性硝化 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]