基于GIS的环境污染扩散模型  

GIS-Based Diffusion Model of Environmental Pollution

作　　者：毕天平[1] 金成洙[1] 钟圣俊[2] 尚剑红[3] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110004 [2]东北大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110004 [3]沈阳金建数字城市软件有限公司,辽宁沈阳110015

出　　处：《东北大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第2期273-276,共4页Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science)

基　　金：教育部留学归国人员科研启动基金资助项目(L2004014508)

摘　　要：建立预测污染物通过大气和水扩散的数学模型.利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,在沈阳市地图上,按照污染事故发生的实际地理位置,对数学模型进行模拟和显示.将模型的数值解和GIS相结合,在时间和空间上对污染扩散进行分析,计算不同污染物在不同时段的扩散面积,分析不同地点的污染物质量浓度和污染程度,获取受污染范围内的人口和周边单位等重要信息;从而预测重大污染事故对环境的影响范围和程度,预报突发性环境污染事故对周围人群、环境造成的危害,为应急监测、现场救护和灾后评估提供科学依据.Some mathematical models were developed to forecast pollutant diffusion into atmosphere or water. Introducing the GIS（geographic information system）, the models were simulated and displayed at the place where pollution hazard actually happened on the map of Shenyang City. Integrating the numerical solutions to models with GIS and analyzing the spatio-temporal diffusion of pollutants, the diffusion areas were worked out for different pollutants at different time to analyze the pollutant density and pollution intensity and what＇s more the important information on population and facilities near the polluted area can be acquired, Thus, it is available to forecast how heavy a pollution hazard affects the environment and nearby people especially an accidental pollution hazard, including the hazardous extent and level. Such a forecasting method lays a scientific base for emergency monitoring, field rescue and evaluation after a hazard.

关 键 词：环境污染 污染事故 污染物扩散 地理信息系统(GIS) 数学模型 

分 类 号：X507[环境科学与工程—环境工程]