新疆雪莲组培苗的染色体观察  

Observation on the Chromosome in Tissue Culture Seedlings of Saussurea involucrata

作　　者：张蜀敏[1] 王晓军[1] 陈阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第3期971-972,987,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动高新技术项目:新疆雪莲规模化组培快繁技术研究(KGCX2-SW-506)

摘　　要：[目的]为雪莲的组织培养奠定细胞学基础。[方法]以新疆雪莲无菌苗的根部、下胚轴、真叶及种胚为外植体进行组织培养,观察愈伤组织和不定芽阶段的染色体变异。[结果]4种外植体形成的愈伤组织细胞中有二倍体、少量四倍体、六倍体、非整倍体及其他倍性细胞。以种胚为外植体的愈伤组织中染色体数目异常的频率最高,但愈伤组织不出芽或出芽量极少,且芽形态不正常。以根部、下胚轴和真叶为外植体的愈伤组织出芽比例高,茎尖、根尖细胞染色体大多数为二倍体,少数为嵌合体,嵌合体苗中四倍体细胞比例很小。愈伤组织中存在异常的有丝分裂现象,不定芽中难以发现。[结论]雪莲组织培养中的染色体变异是由激素引起的,非整倍性的愈伤组织细胞分化能力低。[ Objective ] The aim of the study was to lay cytological foundation for tissue culture of Saussurea involucrate. [ Method ] With root, lower hypocotyl, leaf and seed embryo of asepsis seedlings of S. involucrate as expants, the tissue culture was conducted to observe chromosome variation in callus and adventitious bud stages. [Result] The callus cells fonned from 4 kinds of explants had diploid, a few tetraploid, sextuploid, aneuploid and ceils with other ploidies. The abnormal rote of chromosome number was highest in the caIIus with seed embryo as explant, but the callus grew out no bud or very few buds with abnormal bud shape. The budding ratios of callus with root, lower hypocotyl and leaf as explants were high. Most chromosome in cells of stem and root tips were diploid, a few were raixoploid. The tetraploid cell ratio was very small in mixoploid seedlings. Callus had abnormal mitosis, which was difficult to find in adventitious bud. [ Conclusion] The chromosome variation in S. involucrate tissue culture was induced by hormone and the differentiation ability of callus cells with aneuploid was low.

关 键 词：新疆雪莲 染色体 激素 

分 类 号：Q343.21[生物学—遗传学]