可可西里自然保护区藏羚羊的食性分析  

Food habits of Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsoni) in the Kekexili Nature Reserve

作　　者：曹伊凡[1] 苏建平[1] 连新明[1] 张同作[1] 崔庆虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青藏高原生物进化与适应重点实验室,西宁810001

出　　处：《兽类学报》2008年第1期14-19,共6页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省重大科技攻关项目(2002-N-105);中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(CXLY-2002-3)

摘　　要：2005年7月和2006年1月在可可西里国家自然保护区内收集藏羚羊的新鲜粪样各33份和55份。利用粪便显微分析法分析了该地区藏羚羊的食物构成及其冷季(1月)和暖季(7月)的变化。结果表明,在藏羚羊粪便中镜检到的可识别植物碎片为15科24种(属)植物,其食物谱构成主要包括禾本科、豆科、菊科、柽柳科及玄参科植物;禾本科是藏羚羊全年的主要食物,它在食物组成中所占的比例为60.5%;莎草科、豆科、菊科、柽柳科及玄参科植物是藏羚羊全年都取食的主要食物,其所占比例分别为16.7%、9.2%、6.4%、4.9%及0.9%。藏羚羊在冷季和暖季的食物构成有显著变化,莎草科和柽柳科在冷季所占比例较低,分别为7.7%和0.8%,而禾本科、豆科和玄参科在冷季所占比例较高,分别达到了70.4%、12.6%和2.4%。We studied the diets of Tibetan antelopes （ Pantholops hodgsoni） by fecal microhistological analysis and compared the difference of the diets between warm-season （ in July） and cold-season （ in January） in Kekexili Nature Reserve, Qinghai Province, where we collected fresh fecal samples from Tibetan antelopes （33 in July 2005 and 55 in January 2006）. Results showed that a total of 24 species （genera） belonging to 15 families were foraged by antelopes. By checking the frequency of each plant fragments in fecal samples, we found that Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Legume, Compositae, Tamaricaceae and Scrophulariae were the main food items. Gramineae was the main food throughout the year , and accounted for 60. 5% of food composition. In addition, antelopes fed on Cyperaceae, Legume, Compositae, Tamaricaceae and Scrophulariae in quite high proportions annually, accounting for 16. 7%, 9. 2%, 6.4%, 4.9%, and 0. 9% respectively. There was significant variation in diet in different seasons. In the cold season, Cyperaceae and Tamaricaceae decreased to 7.7% and 0. 8% respectively, while Gramineae, Legume and Scrophulariae increased to 70. 4%, 12. 6% and 2.4% respectively.

关 键 词：食性 粪便显微组织学分析 可可西里自然保护区 藏羚羊 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]