麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米的生态生理效应  

Effects of different treatments of winter wheat residues on eco-physiological responses of mechanized sowing summer maize(Zea mays L.)

作　　者：李潮海[1] 赵霞[1] 刘天学[1] 康伯铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/河南省作物生长发育调控重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2008年第1期162-166,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技部粮食丰产科技工程项目(2004BA520A-06-6-2)

摘　　要：为探求适合黄淮海平原机播夏玉米的最佳麦茬处理方式,采用大田试验,研究了麦茬处理方式(平茬、立茬、除茬)对机播夏玉米的生态生理效应。结果表明,平茬有利于提高土壤含水率、平衡和改善耕层土壤温度,较好地满足玉米生长对土壤温度和水分的需求。3展叶时,玉米叶面积、干物质重等指标都以除茬处理最好;6展叶时,平茬处理玉米的株高、单株干重、叶面积、光合速率均表现最优,产量也最高。所以平茬处理为机播夏玉米的生长提供了较好的生态条件,促进了夏玉米的生长发育和产量的提高,有很大的推广价值。The effects of different treatments of winter wheat residues including returning straw（RS）, high stubble（20 cm high） with mulching（HS） and zero stubble（ZS） on eco-physiological responses of mechanized sowing summer maize（Zea mays. L.） in North China were explored to seek the best treatment of winter wheat residues in 2005 and 2006 by field testing.The results showed as follows： in the prophase growth of summer maize, RS was not only propitious to increase soil moisture content and demand for water of summer maize growth, but also balance and improve the status of soil temperature through the function of heat preservation on lower soil temperature condition and decrease the temperature at higher soil temperature. It could increase the ability of water storing and preserving as well. At the period of three full expansion leaves, the total area of leaves and dry weight of each plant by the treatment of ZS was the best. At the period of six full expansion leaves these characteristics and photosynthesis traits by the treatment of RS were the best, and its yield was the highest. So RS has a larger extension value for providing better ecological conditions for mechanized sowing summer maize and promoting the growth and development and increasing the yield of summer maize.

关 键 词：麦茬处理 机播夏玉米 生态生理 

分 类 号：S513.06[农业科学—作物学]