施钾对缺钾稻田土壤钾肥效应及土壤钾素状况的影响  

Effect of Application of K Fertilizer on Potassium Efficiency and Soil K Status in Deficit K of Paddy Soil

作　　者：廖育林[1,2,3] 郑圣先[4,3] 黄建余 聂军[4,3] 谢坚[1,2] 向艳文[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源与环境学院 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]农业部望城水稻土生态环境重点野外观测实验站,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南省土壤肥料研究所 [5]沅江市草尾镇农业综合服务站

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2008年第2期255-260,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09);国际钾肥研究所项目;国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目(HN-14)

摘　　要：在缺钾红黄泥和紫潮泥稻田土壤上进行了施钾对钾肥效应及土壤钾素状况的研究。结果表明,施钾均有利于水稻产量的提高,增产率表现为严重缺钾土壤>中度缺钾土壤、晚稻>早稻、紫潮泥>红黄泥;水稻的吸钾量随钾肥用量的增加而增加,但土壤钾素亏缺量随钾肥用量的增加而减少,除紫潮泥高量钾处理(施K2O187.5kg/hm2)钾素有盈余外,其它处理钾素平衡均为负平衡;在中度缺钾的红黄泥和紫潮泥及严重缺钾的红黄泥上,早稻NPK0(0.0)和NPK1(112.5)2处理速效钾含量较试验前下降,NPK2(150.0)和NPK3(187.5)2处理速效钾含量较试验前有所增加,晚稻收获后4个处理的速效钾含量较试验前均下降;早、晚稻4个处理的缓效钾含量均比试验前低,且随施钾量的增加而下降的量减少,连续4季施钾土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量均比试验前低,连续4季施钾虽可缓解缓效钾下降程度,但没有提高土壤速效钾含量水平。为提高缺钾稻田土壤钾素肥力,发挥钾肥的最大增产效应,在稻—稻复种制中,应采取"早稻轻,晚稻重"的施钾分配原则,且应连续施用。The effects of potassium application on potassium efficiency and soil potassium status were studied in deficit potassium of paddy soil. The results indicated that that potassium fertilizer application increased the yield of rice, the rate of yield increased was severity deficit K of soil〉moderate deficit K of soil, late rice〉early rice and purple calcareous clayed soil〉reddish-yellow soil, the uptake K amount of rice plant increased with K fertilizer application rate, but the K deficit amount of soil decreased with K fertilizer application rate. K balance in soil-crop system was negative in those treatments （except the treatment with K20 187.5kg/hm^2 in purple calcareous clayed soil）. Available K content of NPK0（0.0） and NPK1（112.5） soil in early rice was lower than that of before experiment soil, but Available K content of NPK2 （150.0） and NPK3 （187.5） soil was higher than that of before experiment soil, Available K content of all treatments soil in late rice was lower than that of before experiment soil. Slowly available K content of all treatments soil in early rice and late rice was lower than that of before experiment soil, and slowly available K content decreased was lowed with K applied increasing. The content available K and slowly available K in continuous two years were lower than that of before experiment soil potassium application. Continuous K fertilizer application slowed down the degree of slowly available K content decreased in two years, but did not increase the con- tent of available K. In order to improve soil K fertility in deficit potassium of paddy soil, increase K fertilizer efficiency, The method of ＂less potassium application in early rice, heavy potassium application in late rice＂ was recommended in the rice-rice production system, and K fertilizer should be continuously use.

关 键 词：缺钾稻田土壤 施钾 钾肥效应 土壤钾素状况 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]