煤矿区土地利用变化及其对灌溉系统的影响  

Land Use Cheng of the Coal Mine Area and Its Effect on Irrigation System

作　　者：杨燕杰[1] 常晶晶[2] 徐跃通[1] 丁娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学人口·资源与环境学院,济南250014 [2]山东师范大学外国语学院,济南250014

出　　处：《科技导报》2008年第3期60-64,共5页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40471049);教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金

摘　　要：以兖州煤矿区的一部分为例,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,研究了其中的土地利用和农业灌溉系统的变化。20多年的煤矿开采使矿区土地利用方式和农业灌溉系统发生巨大变化。农田面积急剧减少,塌陷地、建设用地增长迅速。农业灌溉系统由原来的以河流灌溉为主转变为以机井灌溉为主的形式。地表塌陷及其产生的裂缝使农业减产,并使河流断流和缩小了机井的灌溉范围。河流300m缓冲区面积从1978年到1997年减少了31.7%,单位农田的机井密度由4.79个/km2增加到8.32个/km2。对矿区内的一条河流受塌陷影响状况进行了详细分析,说明河流断流之后机井成为农业灌溉的主要水源。通过矿区与非矿区之间机井分布的对比分析,发现矿区内机井数量和密度等增长幅度都比非矿区大。文中给出了机井依赖度的概念,分析了各种地类受机井影响的程度,得出积水塌陷区的机井依赖度最小,说明塌陷严重影响了机井作用的发挥。With Yanzhong coal mine area as an example,this paper studies the situations of land-using types and agriculture irrigation system in the coal mine area with the RS and GIS technology. Dramatic changes have taken place in the land-using types and the irrigation system,because of the coal exploitation for more than 20 years. The agricultural area in the coal mine area has been decreased sharply,and the area of subsidence and construction increased accordingly. The agriculture irrigation system now mainly takes the form of the motor -pumped well instead of the river irrigation. The subsidence and the cracks formed in the coal area lead to reduction of agricultural output. They also make the river run dry and reduce the irrigation scale of the motor-pumped well. The 300-meter buffer area of the river was decreased by 31.7% and the density of the motor-pumped well for the agriculture increased from 4.79 to 8.32 per square kilometer from 1978 to 1997. This paper analyzes the influence of subsidence of one river in the coal mine area,indicating that motor-pumped wells take the place of the river and become the main water source of the agriculture as the river runs dry. The distributions of the motor-pumped well of the mining area and non-mining area are compared in this paper,and it is discovered that the number and the density of the motor-pumped well in the mining area has been increased greatly. This paper first puts forward the concept of the dependence Degree of Motor-Pumped Well （DMPW） and analyzes the influence degree of the motor-pumped well on various land-using types,finding that the DMPW of the subsidence area is the smallest,which indicating that the subsidence sharply obstructs the motor-pumped well＇s function.

关 键 词：土地利用 灌溉系统 煤矿区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]