古典斯巴达政治制度中的民主因素  

Democratic Elements in the Political Life of Classical Sparta

作　　者：晏绍祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史系教授,北京100037

出　　处：《世界历史》2008年第1期4-16,共13页World History

摘　　要：在古代和现代学者的著述中,斯巴达政体一般被视为寡头政治的代表。本文试图发掘斯巴达政治生活中的民主特征,指出作为城邦的斯巴达,政治生活中具有相当浓厚的民主色彩。虽然从法律上看,长老会和国王拥有相当的权威,可是在实际的政治生活中,他们的地位并不显赫。监察官对国王形成了有效监督,公民大会在选举、宣战、媾和等重要问题上享有决定权。斯巴达人仍能够区别对待自己作为士兵和公民的身份。斯巴达政体200年来的稳定,也反映了公民对自己的地位相对满意。In ancient and modern works, Spartan government was (is) generally regarded as a representative of oligarchy. This paper argues that there were democratic elements in the political life in classical Sparta since it was a citizen-community. The kings and the Presbyterian churches were not so powerful in the reality of political life, as legally thought so. The supervisor effectively controlled over the kings, the assembly played a decisive role in election, declaring wars and making peace negotiation. The Spartans clearly distinguished their roles as citizens and soldiers. The comparative stability of the Spartan government in the classical age showed that the citizens were satisfied with their political positions.

关 键 词：斯巴达 政治生活 民主因素 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学] D082[历史地理—世界史]