试论福特斯鸠的“有限君权”学说  

On Fortescue's Theory of the "Limited Monarchy"

作　　者：孟广林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院教授,北京100872

出　　处：《世界历史》2008年第1期27-40,共14页World History

摘　　要：作为中古后期英王国著名的思想家和王国大臣,福特斯鸠的"有限君权"学说充满了矛盾的意涵。一方面,他反对专制的"惟有王家的统治",提倡"政治的和君主的统治",主张法律和议会对君主的限制。另一方面,他却主张君主在经济上开源节流,以巩固君权统治的物质基础;在政治上重组"国王的会议"辅政,以制约议会的立法权。他的学说的主旨其实并不在于限制君主,而在于消除内战的动荡状态,重建君主制的稳定统治秩序。他仍然是一个正统的中世纪思想家。As a famous thinker and minister of the Kingdom in the later medieval England, Fortescue’s theory of the 'Limited Monarchy' is imbued with contradictory implications. On the one hand, he opposed the despotic 'pattern of king reigning only royally', advocated the 'pattern of king reigning politically and royally', and demanded that King should be limited by law and parliament. On the other hand, in the financial field, he maintained that King should broaden sources of income and reduce expenditure so as to lay material foundation for the King’s governance. In the political field, he maintained that King should reform King’s council to assist the role of royal as well as to restrict parliament’s legislative power. In fact, the main purpose of his theory did not aim at limiting the King, but to aim at winding up the turbulent situation of the Civil War, reestablishing stable governing order of the monarchy. Therefore, he should be regarded yet as an orthodox medieval thinker.

关 键 词：福特斯鸠 英国 君主制 “有限君权” 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学]