波普尔“历史非决定论”思想产生影响的原因探析  

Cause of the Effect Produced by Karl Popper's Historic Indeterminism

作　　者：易杰雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会发展研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2008年第1期21-26,共6页Journal of Jiangsu University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：作为批判理性主义最著名的代表人物卡尔.波普尔,其一生主要的精力都放在批判马克思主义的唯物史观特别是他的历史决定论上。波普尔对马克思主义历史决定论的驳斥,即他的"历史非决定论"思想从总体上讲是站不住脚的。但他的这些错误思想在世界上却产生了广泛的影响,在人们中间得到了相当广泛的认同。究其原因,我认为这首先与国际共产主义运动的理论与实践本身存在严重问题有关;其次与他批判的特点有关——用貌似纯科学的方法作纯学术的批判;三是其批判锋芒所指虽然也包括马克思主义的唯物史观,但主要是指17—18世纪历史决定论,特别是指被教条化、庸俗化和曲解了的马克思主义的社会历史理论;更深层的原因是,马克思主义的历史决定论是在实践中运用辩证逻辑概括出来的,而波普尔的批判主要运用的是形式逻辑和自然科学的方法,这样的逻辑和方法是人们通常比较容易理解和接受的方法。As the most famous representative of anti-rationalists, Karl Popper＇ s life was chiefly centered on his critique of Marxist materialist historical view, especially Marx＇ s historicism. Popper＇ s critique of historicism, viz. his historical indeterminism, is on the whole groundless, even though it has widespread influence and is widely accepted in the world. He could have such influence because： first, there are serious problems in the theory and practice of international communist movement; second, it has something to do with his way of criticizing-to use the apparently pure scientific way in pure academic criticism; third, the focus of his criticism, which targeted at Marxist materialist historical view, was mainly the 17th-18th century historicism, especially the dogmatic, vulgarized materialist historicism is the dialect and scientific way, the more easily and distorted Marxist social historical theory; last but not the least, Marxist logical results drawn from practice while Popper chiefly used formal logic understandable and acceptable way, in his criticism.

关 键 词：波普尔 历史非决定论 马克思主义 历史决定论 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]