西南岩溶石漠化区水土流失现状与综合防治对策  

Current status and comprehensive countermeasures of soil erosion for Karst rocky desertification areas in the Southwestern China

作　　者：蒋忠诚[1] 曹建华[1] 杨德生[2] 罗为群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [2]水利部珠江水利委员会,广州510611

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2008年第1期37-42,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部中国科学院中国工程院“中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察”专题“西南岩溶区考察”(2005SBKK05);国家科技支撑计划课题“喀斯特峰丛洼地脆弱生态系统重建技术研究”(2006BAC01A10)

摘　　要：以2005年在滇、黔、桂岩溶石漠化区科学考察活动取得的成果和近年来水土流失与石漠化的遥感解译资料为依据,分析西南岩溶石漠化地区的水土流失现状,揭示了西南岩溶石漠化地区水土流失问题的严重性与过程的特殊性。根据西南岩溶石漠化地区的生态环境特点与当前水土流失防治中存在的问题,提出了水土流失综合防治对策。Some data from the scientific investigation activities for soil erosion and ecological safety in Karst rocky desertification areas in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces and Guangxi Autonomous Region in 2005 and remote sensing analyses show that, the soil erosion area is 143 064.7 km^2 in the investigation area of 553 thousand km^2, with 110 counties which soil erosion area is over 30% of the total land area, and many rocky desertification areas where is no soil for erosion. The strong soil erosion make the rocky desertification area from 65 900 km^2 in 1989 increase to 88 100 km^2 in 1999 and a lot of mud and sands deposited in the underground rivers. The investigation areas includes Karst plateau, Karst peak-cluster depression, Karst fault basin, Karst gorge, Karst peak-forest plain and Karst trough valley, six types of Karst landforms. Therefore a planning of soil and water conservation should be made firstly according to the environmental features of each Karst type. Because there are a lot of poor presents and leak bases of soil and water conservation in the Karst areas of the Southwestern China, it is necessary to arrange a state project for comprehensive control of soil erosion by government. In the project, the example sites, control of soil erosion combining with improving of production and life conditions of local farmers, should be gone on firstly, then spread to all Karst rocky desertification areas. Meanwhile, some preferential policies such as a special rule of the soil and water conservation, ecological compensation and ecological emigrant should be made. Moreover, the scientific researches of soil erosion in the Karst areas should be enhanced. Not only to study the reasonable standard of water and soil loss in the Karst areas, but also to study the special engineering and biological measures in the Karst areas, especially the ways of the natural rehabilitation of the Karst rocky desertification areas.

关 键 词：岩溶 石漠化 水土流失 中国西南 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]