膝关节矢状面接触分析的研究  

Finite Element Bio-Contact Analysis of a Sagittal Knee Joint

作　　者：伍战容[1] 刘更[1] 彭雄奇[1] 曾泉人[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学机电学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2008年第2期190-193,共4页Computer Simulation

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2005E226)

摘　　要：软骨给膝关节提供了一种摩擦系数比最好的人工材料要低许多倍的低摩擦抗磨损的支撑面,而且会减小下面胫骨的接触应力。为了了解和比较软骨在正常情况下和病理状态下的相关生物力学机理,建立了矢状面上包含胫股和膑股关节的膝关节二维有限元接触模型,认为模型所有组成部件都为弹性体,运用有限元方法求解了膝关节屈曲过程中矢状面上股骨与胫骨接触过程中有无覆盖软骨层对应力及接触面积的变化。结果表明由于自然关节覆盖着软骨层,在屈膝过程中增大了股胫关节的接触线,减小了股骨屈膝所需要的力矩和胫骨应力。从力学角度解释了膝关节软骨对膝关节的保护作用,从而更加真实地描述了膝关节的力学接触机制。Articular cartilage is a vital component of the human knee joints by providing a low friction, wear resistant surface in the knee joints and distributing stresses to the tibia. In order to understand the mechanism of the normal and pathological functions of the articular cartilage, a two-dimensional FE model of the human sagittal knee joints that includes the femur-patella joint and tibia - femur joint is presented here. The model is analyzed with dynamic loadings to study stress distribution in the tibia and contact area during contact with or without the articular cartilage. The results show that articular cartilages increase the contact line and reduce the pressure on tibia between femur-tibia joint in the sagittal knee joint. This paper indicates how the knee＇s cartilage protects the knee joint with mechanic theory. And this has truely reflect the contact mechanism.

关 键 词：膝关节 矢状面 有限元 软骨 接触 应力 

分 类 号：Q66[生物学—生物物理学]