三江平原湿地保护区内外的生态功能差异  

Ecological function differences inside and outside the wetland nature reserves in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：白雪[1] 马克明[1] 杨柳[2] 张洁瑜[1] 张小雷[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)资源与安全工程学院,北京100083 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第2期620-626,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671182);国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(40621061)~~

摘　　要：湿地保护区是一类特殊的陆地保护区,其保护效果不仅取决于内部的管理强度,还受到其周边地区水文状况的强烈影响,因此保护区内外生态功能的差异程度是评价其保护效果的一个综合性指标。根据三江平原建三江管局2004年Landsat-TM影像解译的土地利用图以及2002年1∶50000数字高程(DEM)数据,利用基于Arcview3.2软件的SWAT水文模型获得各湿地保护区的汇水区作为其水文敏感区。在此基础上,利用专家咨询和有关湿地生态系统服务功能价值的研究结果,计算出各湿地保护区及其水文敏感区的湿地生态功能指数。结果表明,国家级保护区的湿地生态功能普遍优于地方级保护区,而其水文敏感区的湿地生态功能则并不一定优于地方级保护区的水文敏感区。通过对各保护区及其水文敏感区的湿地生态功能指数相对值进行聚类分析和相关分析可知,位于浓江-别拉洪河流域且毗邻的几个保护区的湿地生态功能相对状况较为接近,地方级保护区与其水文敏感区的湿地生态功能指数之间存在高度正相关。这充分说明湿地保护区的管理强度很大程度上决定了其保护效果。Wetland nature reserve is a special type of terrestrial reserves. Its conservation effectiveness is determined by both the management intensity inside and the hydrological status outside the reserve. Therefore, the ecological function differences inside and outside reserves is an integrated indictor for assessing conservation effectiveness. Based on the land use map created from Landsat-TM satellite image of the year 2004 and 1：50000 Digital Elevation Model （DEM） data of the year 2002 in Jiansanjiang, Helongjiang province, the catchments that the wetland reserves belong to were determined as their hydrological sensitive zones by SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） hydrological model. The ecological function indices of wetland reserves and their corresponding hydrological sensitive zones were calculated though expert consultation and a value assessment function of wetland ecosystem services. The results showed that the ecological functions of national wetland reserves were better than those of local government＇s reserves in general. However, the wetland ecological functions of hydrological sensitive zones of the former were not always better than those of the latter. Meanwhile, Clustering Analysis showed that the wetland ecological functions of adjacent reserves＇ were similar in Nongjiang-Bielahonghe watershed. But Correlation Analysis found a remarkable positive correlation between the wetland ecological function indices of local government＇s reserves and their corresponding hydrological sensitive zones. In conclusion, although conservation effectiveness of wetland reserve is determined by both management intensity inside and the hydrological status outside, the former plays a key role and should be reinforced in practice.

关 键 词：湿地生态功能 自然保护区 水文敏感区 管理强度 保护效果 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]