两种外源抗生素在农业土壤中的吸附与迁移特性  

Adsorption and transport characteristics of two exterior-source antibiotics in some agricultural soils

作　　者：章明奎[1] 王丽平[1] 郑顺安[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系,杭州310029

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第2期761-766,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家教育部博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20060335018);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771090)~~

摘　　要：长期施用禽畜排泄物可导致抗生素在土壤中的积累,对生态环境产生不良影响。为了解长江三角洲和珠江三角洲农业土壤中长期施用含抗生素的有机肥可能产生的环境影响,选择了7个典型农业土壤,用室内模拟方法研究了我国常用的2种抗生素(泰乐菌素和土霉素)在这些土壤中吸附和迁移行为。研究表明,抗生素在土壤中的吸附、迁移行为与抗生素种类和土壤性质有关,土壤对土霉素的吸附能力明显高于泰乐菌素。土壤对抗生素的吸附能力主要与土壤粘粒含量、有机质和氧化铁呈正相关,与其它土壤性质的相关性较小。这2类抗生素在粘质农业土壤剖面中的迁移能力较弱;但泰乐菌素在砂质土壤中较易迁移,有较大的环境风险。Antibiotics used in metabolites. The environments livestock production may be present in manure and slurry as the parent compound and/or may therefore be exposed to these antibiotics due to the application of animal manure to agricultural land. In order to understand the potential effects of long-term application of antibiotics-contained animal manure on agricultural soils, laboratory studies were conducted to characterize two typical antibiotic compounds （tylosin, C46H77 NO17 and oxytetracycline, C22 H24 N2O9 HCl） with to sorption and transport in seven agricultural soils, collected from the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas of China. Both transfer and adsorption behaviors of the antibiotics were related with species of antibiotics and soil properties. Distribution coefficients （ Kd values） determined by botch equilibrium method varied between 43L kg^-1 and 3018L kg^-1 for oxytetracyclin, and 2.3L kg^-1 and 175L kg^-1 for tylosin. Oxytetracyclin was more strongly sorbed in all the soils investigated than tylosin. The adsorption amount of antibiotic compounds on the soils was correlated positively with the contents of clay, organic matter and iron oxides. Soil column leaching experiments indicated that there were a significant difference in the transport of the two antibiotic compounds between sandy soil and clayey soil, which due to the difference in their respective sorption capabilities. Very low concentrations of the two antibiotic compounds were detected in the leachates from clayey soil column, in the clayey soil. However, significant amount of tylosin compound was indicating a much lower mobility of antibiotics recovered in the leachates from sandy soil,indicating that tylosin compound was not stable in sandy soil, and it had a high mobility in the soil.

关 键 词：抗生素 农业土壤 吸附 迁移 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]