生物柴油副产物制备高纯度甘油的研究  

Preparing Highly Purified Glycerol from Biodiesel Coproduct

作　　者：杨运财[1] 陆向红[1] 俞云良[1] 徐之超[1] 计建炳[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院,杭州310014

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2008年第1期88-92,共5页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：浙江省重大招标项目(2006C11015)

摘　　要：通过建立一套简单、有效的测量生物柴油下层副产物组成的方法,并用此方法对菜籽毛油制生物柴油下层副产物中各成份进行了定量分析,结果显示生物柴油下层副产物中含有43.73%的甘油,21.73%的脂肪酸皂,14.23%的生物柴油,16.47%的甲醇和少量其它杂质。通过用硫酸的甲醇溶液酸化脱盐的预处理方法,考察了甲醇用量、溶液pH值对脱盐率、粗甘油的纯度及收率的影响,结果显示甲醇用量为下层副产物的0.5倍体积,溶液pH值为5时,可得到纯度为90%的甘油粗产品,脱盐率可达到90%,甘油的收率也在95%以上。在此基础上,用减压蒸馏和离子交换两种方法对粗甘油进行了精制。这两种方法均可得到纯度高于99.5%的精制甘油,但离子交换精制工艺的甘油总收率可达到85%以上,而减压蒸馏精制工艺的甘油总收率仅为70%。A simple method was established and used to analyze quantitatively the composition of biodiesel coproduct. The analysis reveals that the biodiesel coproduct is composed of glycerol 43.73%, salt of fatty acid 21.73%, biodiesel 14.23%, methanol 16.47% and a little impurity. A method of acidification for removing the salt from the coproduct was put forward. The effect of the dosage of methanol and pH on the salt removal rate, purity and yield of glycerol were investigated. Results show that 90% K^＋ is removed and 95% glycerol is reclaimed when the dosage of methanol is 0.5 times of the underlayer and pH is 5. Furthermore, two methods for refining the produced crude glycerol, such as vacuum distillation and ion exchange were studied and compared. Highly purified glycerol can be both obtained by means of vacuum distillation or ion exchange, but more glycerol is reclaimed by the ion- exchange method.

关 键 词：甘油 生物柴油 菜籽毛油 

分 类 号：TQ645.56[化学工程—精细化工] TE626.24[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]