黄土高原主要造林树种需水定额计算与分析  

Calculation and Analysis of Quota of Water Requirement of Main Afforestation Species in Loess Plateau

作　　者：张晓明[1] 余新晓[1] 武思宏[1] 陈丽华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院教育部水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2008年第1期36-40,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：林业科学技术研究项目(2003-045-L45)

摘　　要：根据气象资料，运用彭曼公式（Penman＇s formula）和桑斯维特公式（Thornthwait fomular）计算并分析晋西黄土区主要造林树种刺槐、油松和苹果林地的潜在蒸散量，结合林种不同林龄的耗水特性系数，计算得出刺槐、油松和苹果生长季（5-10月）的需水定额，并对其年内及不同龄级需水量的变化趋势作了分析。结果显示，刺槐5个龄级的年耗水量：2a生刺槐年耗水量为390．65mm、3a生398．85mm、5a生411．4mm、7a生529．7mm、13a生633．95mm；油松3个龄级段的年耗水量，17～19a生为653．5mm、19～20a生658．7mm、25～28a生655．6mm；苹果2个龄级的年耗水量，4a生为319．9mm、8a生为526．35mm。同时，确定出各龄级树种的月需水量和耗水量的年内变化趋势，为黄土高原抗旱造林提供参考依据。According to the local weather data,the potential evapotranspiration of artificial Pinus tabulaeformis ,Robinia pseudoacacia and Malus pumila in the west of Shanxi Province was calculated and analyzed by both Penman＇s formula and Thornthwaita＇s formula. According to the result and the water consumption coefficients of the water demands of artificial Pinus tabulaeformis,Robinia pseudoacacia and Malus pumila in their growing period （May-Oct.） were worked out respectively. Then the water supply-demand equilibriums were analyzed. The results show that： calculate out quota of water requirement of the main plantation tree species such as Pinus tabulaeformis ,Robinia pseudoacacia and Malus pumila estimate annual water consumption of the main plantation tree species of different age. The 5 age-class annual water consumption of Robinia pseudoacacia are：biyearly：390. 65 mm, triennium： 398. 85 mm, lustrum： 411.4 mm, septennial： 529. 7 mm and the thirteen years： 633.95 mm. The 3 age-class annual water consumption of Pinus tabulaeformis are： 17 - 19 years： 653. 5 mm; 19 - 20 years： 658.7 mm;25-28 years： 655.6 mm. The 2 age-class annual water consumption of Malus pumila are： four years： 319. 9 mm; eight years：526.35 mm. At the same time we ascertain the monthly water requirement and annual change trend of water consumption of different age-class.

关 键 词：造林树种 需水定额 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S715.5[农业科学—林学]