云南高黎贡山北段植物物种多样性的垂直分布格局  

Vertical distribution patterns of plant species diversity in northern Mt.Gaoligong,Yunan Province

作　　者：徐成东[1] 冯建孟[2] 王襄平[2] 杨雪[3] 

机构地区：[1]楚雄师范学院化学与生命科学系,云南楚雄675000 [2]北京大学环境学院生态学系地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所中国科学院生物多样性与生物地理重点实验室,昆明650204

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2008年第3期323-327,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2003CB415103);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30760040)

摘　　要：在高黎贡山北段沿海拔梯度设置17个样地,采用数量分类,对高黎贡山北段植物群落类型、物种组成和多样性的垂直格局进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着海拔的升高,森林群落类型由常绿阔叶林(2000～2300m)依次过渡为以阔叶树为主的针阔混交林(2300～2600m)、以针叶树为主的针阔混交林(2600～3000m)和针叶林(3000～3100m);(2)木本植物的物种丰富度随着海拔高度的增加显著下降,而草本植物的物种丰富度则随着海拔高度的增加先下降,然后在林线以上显著上升;(3)木本植物β多样性随着海拔的上升呈单调下降趋势,而草本植物β多样性在中海拔附近区域较低;(4)在植物区系方面,热带亚热带成分所占比例随海拔上升而下降,温带成分、世界分布成分则随着海拔的升高而增加。中国特有分布成分所占比重较小,主要分布在中海拔区域。总体上,温带成分占主导地位。区系平衡点在海拔2100～2200m。Seventeen sampling plots were established along an altitudinal gradient in northern Mt. Gaoligong, and the vertical distribution patterns of plant community, species composition, and species diversity were studied by using quantitative classification. The results showed that with the increase of altitude, the forest community had a transit of evergreen broad-leaved forest （2 000-2 300 m） to mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest mainly composed by broad-leaved trees （2 300-2 600 m）, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest mainly composed by coniferous-leaved trees （2 600-3 000 m）, and coniferous forest （3 000-3 100 m）. The species richness and 13 diversity of woody plants decreased obviously with increasing altitude, while the species richness of herbaceous plants had an increase after an initial decrease with increasing altitude, and increased obviously over timberline. The lowest 13 diversity of herbaceous plants was found in mid-altitude region. With the increase of altitude, the proportion of tropical and subtrop- ical components decreased, while that of temperate and cosmopolitan Components increased. China endemic elements were limited in mid-altitude region. As a whole, temperate plants domina- ted the fora, and the floral balance point existed at 2 100-2 200 m.

关 键 词：高黎贡山北段 植物群落 物种多样性 区系成分 垂直分布 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]