城市化对江苏气候变化影响的数值模拟个例分析  

A numerical simulation case of the effects of urbanization on regional extreme climatic events

作　　者：解令运[1] 汤剑平[1] 路屹雄[1] 占小红[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学系 [2]中国石油天然气股份有限公司华北石化分公司,河北任丘062552

出　　处：《气象科学》2008年第1期74-80,共7页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：自然科学基金项目(40704029);973国家重点基础研究发展计划(2006CB400500)

摘　　要：利用MM5模式对2003年夏季6、7两个月典型区域气候极端事件进行数值模拟,研究城市化急剧扩张对区域气候极端事件的影响和可能机制。研究发现:苏南及邻近地区城市化区域的扩张,会引起区域降水分布的变化。在城市化区域,降水将减少,而在城市化的下风区会有局地的降水增加;同时,在苏南城市化区域中,太湖等湖泊的影响也很重要,会加强其邻近地区局地降水强度。城市化区域的地面气温有明显的上升,对高温天气的作用更大。城市化也会影响地面风场,阻挡穿越城市化区域的风;苏南沿海城市化区域扩张,会使海陆风环流增强,加大了海面向陆面的风。城市化区域的潜热通量明显减少,而感热通量显著增加。城市化增暖产生的局地热源,使城市化区域及邻近地区局地环流发生变化,增强了低层城市化区域向周边辐散的强度。随着高度的增加,城市化的影响也越来越小。This paper takes aim at numerical simulation of the typical regional climatic events （ water logging in middle Jiangsu, high temperature and drought in south Jiangsu） which occurred in June and July of 2003, with the model of MM5 optimized and discusses how the rapid urbanization affects the regional extreme climatic events. It finds out that the urbanization outspreading in the south of Jiangsu can result in regional precipitation variation. Precipitation decreases in the urbanized area, but increases in part of the downwind area. Lake in the urbanized area plays an important role ; it can strengthen the rainfall in part of the area nearby. In the urbanized area, the surface temperature increases obviously and can be amplified during the course of high temperature. Urbanization can weaken or bar the wind through the area, thus affects surface wind field; the urbanized area near the sea can also strengthen sea and land breeze circulation, increasing the wind from the sea. In the urbanized area, latent heat flux decreases obviously, while sensible heat flux increases distinctly, reducing the vapor in the lower atmosphere and heating it. Local heat source caused by urbanization changes the circulation around, too, enhancing the divergence. But the effects reduce with the height increasing.

关 键 词：城市化 区域气候 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P461.8[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]