气溶胶与云相互作用的研究进展  

Progress in Researches on Interaction between Aerosol and Cloud

作　　者：段婧[1] 毛节泰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气科学系,北京100871

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2008年第3期252-261,共10页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"华北地区大气气溶胶与云凝结核的飞机观测及其云物理效应的初步研究"(编号:40475003);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"中国大气气溶胶及其气候效应的研究"(编号:2006CB403706)资助

摘　　要：气溶胶和云在气候系统中扮演着重要角色,近年来随着人们对它们重要作用的深入认识,气溶胶与云的相互作用也逐渐成为气候研究的一个重要方向。对该领域的研究方法和近20年来国内外的相关研究做了全面回顾。飞机观测、卫星观测、以及观测和模式模拟相结合3种研究方法被主要应用于该项研究。大量观测和模拟都证明了气溶胶对辐射、云滴以及降水的影响;云凝结核作为气溶胶和云相互作用过程中的重要环节,近些年在观测技术上有了较大进展,对相关理论的研究也随着观测水平的进步有了较大发展。我国在该领域的研究也从单一的观测资料分析逐渐转向模式模拟、多种方法综合分析。最后结合国内外研究进展,对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。Aerosol and cloud play important roles in determining the earth＇s climate. Along with the further knowledge about these important roles, the researches on the interaction between aerosol and cloud became more and more important. A comprehensive review about the research methods and the development in recent twenty years on this field is discussed in this paper. The observation by airplane, satellite and the composite method of ob- servation and model were the main research method in this research. Some data of observation and the model results have given evidences of the influence between aerosol and the other cloud physical characteristics including radiation, cloud drop and precipitation. Aerosol can transform to the cloud condensation nucleus （CCN） in some special situations. Through this process, aerosol influences the cloud characteristics. Therefore, the CCN is an important link in all interaction theory between aerosol and cloud. There were great progresses in the observation technology of CCN. The nonlinear relationship between saturated water vapor pressure and temperature was used to make the instrument to observe the CCN. The related theories about CCN and cloud also have made some progresses. In China, the research methods were changed from the analyzing single observation data to the way of using model and the methods combining observation and model. Finally, several pieces of proposal are brought forward in this research area.

关 键 词：气溶胶 云 相互作用 气溶胶间接效应 云凝结核 

分 类 号：P426.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]