贵州喀斯特峡谷花椒林地生态需水规律研究  

Study on Ecological Water Demand of Zanthoxylum Forest Land in Guizhou Karst Valley Area

作　　者：彭熙[1] 钱晓刚[2] 杨滨 唐妥 

机构地区：[1]贵州科学院喀斯特资源环境与发展研究中心,贵阳550001 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省贵阳市花菽区农业局,贵阳550025 [4]贵定农业局,贵定551300

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2008年第2期32-35,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家“973”计划项目(2006CB403204);国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2004BA606A-09);贵州省自然科基金项目(黔科合[2007]2158号)

摘　　要：以实地定点观测为基础,对贵州省典型喀斯特峡谷区花椒林地的生态需水进行了定量研究,分析了叶面蒸腾T与土面蒸发E作用的相互关系及蒸腾作用的分摊系数α,阐述了生态需水的一般规律。结果表明：全年蒸腾量均大于蒸发量,其分摊系数α总体维持在0.45-0.75之间,二者呈现明显的互为消长关系。蒸腾蒸发日变化与年变化曲线均表现为单峰曲线,一天中中午最大,一年中夏季最大。叶面系数和温度的影响作用较大,土壤含水量和相对湿度次之。花椒林地全年平均蒸散量为1.58 mm,夏半年日平均2.07 mm,冬半年1.09 mm,年总耗水量为575.19mm,占年降雨总量的60.23%。Based on field test, the article studied the ecological water demand of Zanthoxylum forest land quantificationally in typical karst valley area, analyzed the relationship between leaf transpiration and soil evaporation, expounded the general rule of ecology wa- ter demand. The results indicated that the transpiration is faster than evaporation in a whole year, which shared a coefficient alpha of 0. 45-0. 75; furthermore, they displayed a obvious relation of increase and decrease mutually. The diurnal variation and the annual variation curves of transpiration and evaporation represents a single kurtosis which manifests higher at noon in a day as well as summer in a year. The influence factors firstly are LAI and temperature, the next are soil moisture content and the relative humidity. The daily average evapotranspiration of a whole year in Zanthoxylum forest land is 1.58mm with a diurnal level of 2. 07mm in summer half year and 1. 09mm in winter half year. The all-year water demand was 575. 19mm which take 60. 23 percent of annual rainfall.

关 键 词：花江峡谷 林地 生态需水 叶面蒸腾 土壤蒸发 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]