苹果根系分区灌水的节水机理与控梢促花效应研究  

Study on Water-saving Mechanism and Effect of Flower Promoting and Shoot Controlling of Partial Root Zone Irrigation for Apple Trees

作　　者：邹养军[1] 李嘉瑞[1] 魏钦平[2] 王小伟[2] 刘军[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2008年第1期5-9,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：北京市科委重大项目(H030730050130);北京市农委项目(20030112);北京市自然科学基金(60622007)“苹果根系分区灌水的水分利用效率和节水机理研究”资助

摘　　要：根系分区灌水(Partial Rootzone Irrigation,PRI)是一种新型的地面节水灌溉技术,节水潜力巨大。通过分根盆栽苹果不同根系灌水体积试验研究认为,当减少灌水根系体积后,苹果叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均降低,但Tr降低程度大于Pn,故单叶水分利用效率(WUE)明显提高;同时当减少灌水根系体积后植株新梢和叶片生长速率降低,新梢停长率增加;经过一个生长季的处理发现,减少灌水根系体积增大了植株的中短枝比例,降低了长度大于60 cm旺枝的比例,苹果来年的开花株率、单株花序总数、坐果率均增加。Partial root zone irrigation （PRI） is a new kind of surface water-saving irrigation technique, which has great water-saving potential. The experiment of PRI for potted apple trees was carried out in this paper. The result showed that when the volume of irrigated root system was decreased, the photosynthetic rate （ Pn ） and the transpiration rate （ Tr ） of leaves were all reduced, and the decreased degree of Tr was more than Pn, so the WUE was increased evidently. Moreover, the growth velocity of shoots and leaves was decreased, and the rate of growth-stopping shoot was increased. After a growth season, it can be found that under the condition of decreasing volume of irrigated root system, the rate of shoots with shorter than 30cm length was increased, while the rate of shoots with longer than 60 cm length was decreased, the rate of flowering plant, the flower head amount of single plant and the fruithearing rate were all increased in the next year.

关 键 词：苹果 根系分区灌水 控梢促花 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]