沙尘暴多发地区人群呼吸与循环等系统疾病的现患调查  

Epidemiological Survey on the Diseases of the Respiratory and Circulatory System among the People in a Region Where Dust Events Occurred Frequently

作　　者：杨振华[1] 孟紫强[1] 潘竞界[1] 闫晓钟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境科学与工程研究中心

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2008年第1期8-12,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:30230310)

摘　　要：[目的]研究沙尘地区人群呼吸系统和循环系统等的健康影响及规律。[方法]采用多阶段随机抽样方法随机抽取沙尘天气多发区甘肃省民勤县6个乡镇1500名18岁以上的人群为调查对象,采用自行确定的统一调查问卷对呼吸系统和循环系统等12种常见疾病进行调查。[结果]所调查的1500名村民中最常见的5种疾病为咽喉炎(15.69%)、气管炎(12.52%)、角膜炎(11.63%)、关节炎(9.80%)、鼻炎(8.97%)。气管炎、肺炎、肺结核、高血压、冠心病、关节炎、角膜炎的患病率随着年龄的增长而升高。鼻炎、气管炎、肺炎、肺结核、高血压、贫血、冠心病、关节炎、角膜炎的患病率女性高于男性。距离沙漠较近的乡镇比距离沙漠较远的县城的咽喉炎、气管炎、肺炎、肺结核、鼻炎、贫血、关节炎、肝炎等8种疾病的患病率要高。与沙漠接壤的东湖乡的12种疾病患病率均比距沙漠较远的夹河乡明显较高。[结论]沙尘天气长期暴露使接触人群呼吸、循环等系统多种疾病患病率显著增高,多种疾病的患病率与年龄呈正相关,其原因之一可能是由于沙尘天气暴露时期的长短与年龄呈正相关之故。[ Objective ] To explore the effect of the dusty weather on health of respiratory and circulatory system. [ Methods ] 1500 people of 18 years of age and older were selected from 6 townships in Minqin County, Gansu Province, based on stratified multi-stage randomization and their health status especially the prevalence of appointed 12 diseases in respiratory and circulatory system were recorded. [ Results ] The most prevalent diseases among the 1 500 subjects were faucitis （ 15.69% ）, tracheitis （ 12.52% ）, keratitis （ 11.63% ）, arthritis （ 9.80% ） and rhinitis （ 8.97% ）. The prevalence of tracheitis, pneumonia, phthisis, hypertension, arthritis, keratitis, and coronary disease increased with age. The prevalences of rhinitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, phthisis, hypertension, anaemia, coronary disease, arthritis and keratitis in female residents were remarkably higher than that in male subjects. The prevalences of fancitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, phthisi, rhinitis, anaemia, arthritis and hepatitis in townships near the desert were higher than that in townships far away from the desert. The prevalences of 12 appointed diseases in Donghu township which was near to the desert were significantly higher than that in Jiahe township, which was far away from the desert. [ Conclusion ] The prevalences of many diseases in respiratory and circulatory system remarkably rose among the people longterm exposed to dust weather. The older and the longer the people exposed to dust weather, the higher the prevalences of many diseases in respiratory and circulatory systems.

关 键 词：沙尘天气 现患调查 循环系统 呼吸系统 患病率 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]