上海市城市绿地土壤特性及对雨洪削减效应的影响  

Characteristics of soil samples of five Shanghai urban green areas and their effects on reduction of storm water runoff

作　　者：聂发辉[1] 李田[1] 姚海峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2008年第2期49-52,共4页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：上海市科委世博科技专项(No.06dz05808);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2007GZH839)

摘　　要：研究了上海市5个功能区城市绿地土壤的特性,分析了它们在各功能区的分布规律及造成差异的影响因素,并对上海市利用绿地蓄渗雨洪的潜力进行了计算分析。结果表明,上海市城市绿地土壤质地以粘壤土、砂质粘壤土和壤质粘土为主;城市绿地土壤由于受人为活动的影响,土壤物理性质发生了显著变化,土壤容重增大,孔隙度和渗透性降低,压实现象普遍;土壤的入渗速率差异较大,以文教区和居民生活区为最好,其后依次为公园、商业活动区、道路交通区。对绿地面积比为20%的功能区,在一年一遇的设计暴雨重现期内,绿地蓄渗雨水效果随土壤入渗速率的增大而增大,且下凹式绿地的蓄渗效果明显优于平绿地。Particle size distribution, hulk density, aeration porosity, water infiltration rate and holding capacity of soil samples, taken from 42 sampling points located in 5 Shanghai urban green areas of different functions, were measured to determine the effects of such characteristics on reduction of storm water runoff. The surface soils were dominated by clay loam, sandy clay loam and loamy clay. Relative to the soil samples of the country, the urban samples exhibited varying degrees of higher bulk density, lower porosity, reduced infiltration rate and compaction due to human activities. There were significant differences in infiltration rates among soil samples of different functional zones： culture and education zone〉residential zone〉park zone〉commercial zone〉traffic zone. In the case of 1-year storm and with 20% grass area, the water holding capacities of all soil samples increased with their infiltration rates and that the sunken green areas were more effective in reducing the runoff than the flat green areas.

关 键 词：城市绿地 土壤特性 土壤入渗速率 

分 类 号：S731[农业科学—林学]