北京市某废弃化工厂的人类健康风险评价  

Human Health Risk Assessment of an Abandoned Chemical Plant in Beijing

作　　者：臧振远[1] 赵毅[1] 尉黎 叶琰 宋云[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院,保定071003 [2]轻工业环境保护研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2008年第1期48-54,共7页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题软科学研究类项目(No.Z0005184041971)

摘　　要：由于北京城市化速度的加快,五环路内的工厂将陆续搬迁,搬迁后的土地,使用功能将发生根本性变化,由于修复成本较高,是否对受污染土地进行修复,需要借助健康风险评价,以便确保人们的健康安全.运用美国的健康风险评价框架,对北京市某废弃化工厂场地进行了健康风险分析,计算了将该废弃场地用作居住用地对人类的健康风险指数及确定是否需要进行修复.在场地内,分2次进行了3层土壤采样,共采集到80个样品.选取Cr、Zn、Ni、Pb、Hg、Cu、As、Cd、DDT、六六六(HCH)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DP)11种超标污染物作为目标污染物,对其进行健康风险评价.按照美国EPA的方法,选取了95%置信上限含量进行风险指数的计算.评价结果显示,该场地成人的非致癌风险指数为15.85,儿童的非致癌风险指数为18.17,均超过了非致癌风险指数可接受值1.0,表明该化工厂场地对成人和儿童均有非致癌风险;对成人,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的致癌风险指数为不可接受值(>1×10-4),对儿童,邻苯二甲酸二辛脂和DDT的致癌风险为不可接受值(>1×10-4),其它污染物的致癌风险均在可接受范围之内.由于案例中的场地将被用作居住用地,建议对该场地进行部分修复.With the enlargement of Beijing city, those plants that may have contaminated the environment are forced to move out of the Fifth Ring Road. Due to the high cost of remediation, it＇s necessary to assess the human health risk to determine whether measures should be taken to remedy the site making sure the safety of human. Human health risk assessment has been done for the abandoned chemical plant＇in Beijing based on the procedure of EPA. The risk indexes are calculated to determine whether remediation should be performed if the site is developed as the residential site. In the site, 80 soil samples in 3 tiers are collected for 2 times. There are 11 kinds of main contaminants at the site where the study are conducted. They are chromium, zinc, nickel, lead, mercury, copper, arsenic, cadmium, DDT, HCH and dioctyl phthalate. We have chosen these contaminants as objectives to assess the risk. According to the EPA, the 95% UCL concentrations are used. The results show that the combined HI values are 15.85 for adults and 18.17 for children, which both exceed the accepted risk value （1.0）. For adults, the cumulative cancer risks index of dimethyl phthalate is not acceptable, and for children, the cumulative cancer risks indexes of dimethyl phthalate and DDT are not acceptable （〉1×10^-4）. In order to reduce the health risk to a safe level for residents, remediation measures should be taken for the part of the site.

关 键 词：健康风险评价 致癌风险 非致癌风险 场地修复 化工厂 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X825