地中海世界首次鼠疫研究  

A Study of the First Bubonic Plague in the Mediterranean Area

作　　者：陈志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院教授,天津300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2008年第1期159-175,共17页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2005年重大研究项目“欧洲文化的兴起及其影响”的成果之一,项目批准号为05JJD770119

摘　　要：地中海世界爆发的第一次大规模鼠疫发生在公元6世纪中期,人们对此束手无策,面对来势汹汹的瘟疫无计可施,以为这是上帝的惩罚,因此记载比较混乱。后人研究证明,他们详细描述的这次瘟疫就是人们后来熟称为"黑死病"的鼠疫及其几个变种。相关史料主要来自拜占廷作家普罗柯比、埃瓦格留斯和以弗所人约翰留下的作品,但其他分散的史料未引起学者们的注意。根据笔者近年来收集的更为全面的资料分析研究,此次瘟疫的病源地在埃及南部,其极高的死亡率不仅给拜占廷帝国造成了严重的物质损失和经济破坏,而且在当地居民中产生了严重的负面社会后果,并产生了深远的历史影响。The first bubonic plague struck the Mediterranean area in the middle of the 6th century.People were helpless before it and took the devouring wave of disease as God's punishment,leaving no systematic records of the plague.Later studies show that this plague,which was described in detail,was the bubonic plague known as the 'Black Death' and its variations.Relevant historical material is mainly seen in the works of Byzantine writers Procopius,Evagrius and John of Ephesus.Other scattered materials have not attracted much scholarly attention.Based on a more comprehensive corpus of data and analysis,the author of this article argues that the first wave of bubonic plague to strike the Mediterranean area came from southern Egypt.The lethal plague not only caused devastating material loss and economic destruction to Byzantium but also had serious negative effects on Byzantine society,with a far-reaching historical impact.

关 键 词：地中海 鼠疫 查士丁尼 拜占廷帝国 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学]